Department of Ophthalmology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2023 Nov;43(6):1500-1509. doi: 10.1111/opo.13215. Epub 2023 Aug 11.
To investigate the incidence rate and risk factors for anisometropia among young schoolchildren.
A population-based cohort study, the Myopia Investigation Study in Taipei, was conducted in primary schools in Taipei City. Children were recruited for biannual comprehensive eye examinations over 2 years. Cycloplegic autorefraction and slit lamp examinations were performed biannually. Data on demographic information, parental history, lifestyle and near-work activities were collected using parent-administered questionnaires at the first and final visits. Anisometropia was defined as ≥1 D difference in the spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error.
A total of 7035 8-year-old children completed the 2-year follow-up evaluations. The average annual incidence of anisometropia was 3.8%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that baseline SE (odds ratio [OR]: 0.87 95% CI: 0.80-0.95) and female sex (OR: 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.50) were significantly associated with incident anisometropia. Among lifestyle risk factors, spending <1 h per day in after-school outdoor activities on weekdays (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.08-1.76) and performing near work at a distance <30 cm (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08-1.64) were significantly associated with an increased risk of incident anisometropia. In the multiple linear regression analysis, the inter-eye difference in SE increased significantly in children performing near work at distances <30 cm (adjusted β = 0.03; p = 0.02).
This study indicated the annual incidence of anisometropia in Taiwanese schoolchildren. Less time spent outdoors and shorter eye-to-object distances during near work increased the risk of incident anisometropia.
调查小学生屈光参差的发生率和危险因素。
本研究为基于人群的队列研究，即台北市近视研究，在台北市的小学中进行。儿童在 2 年内接受了每半年一次的全面眼科检查。每半年进行一次睫状肌麻痹自动验光和裂隙灯检查。在第一次和最后一次就诊时，使用家长填写的问卷收集人口统计学信息、父母病史、生活方式和近距离工作活动等数据。屈光参差定义为等效球镜（SE）屈光不正差值≥1 D。
共有 7035 名 8 岁儿童完成了 2 年的随访评估。屈光参差的年平均发生率为 3.8%。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，基线 SE（比值比 [OR]：0.87，95%置信区间 [CI]：0.80-0.95）和女性（OR：1.24，95%CI：1.02-1.50）与新发屈光参差显著相关。在生活方式危险因素中，每周工作日户外活动时间<1 小时（OR：1.38，95%CI：1.08-1.76）和近距离工作距离<30 cm（OR：1.33，95%CI：1.08-1.64）与新发屈光参差的风险增加显著相关。在多元线性回归分析中，在近距离工作距离<30 cm 的儿童中，SE 的双眼差异显著增加（调整β=0.03；p=0.02）。
本研究表明台湾学童屈光参差的年发生率。户外活动时间减少和近距离工作时眼睛与物体的距离缩短会增加新发屈光参差的风险。
