Morriss-Kay G, Putz B
Brain Res Bull. 1986 Jun;16(6):825-32. doi: 10.1016/0361-9230(86)90078-x.
LM and TEM observations of embryonic tissue during the period of cranial neurulation are described in trisomic mouse embryos known to develop exencephaly, and are compared with tissue from normal mouse embryos. The earliest regularly observed differences were visible from the late presomite stage onwards, in the extracellular matrix of the cranial region. These were local defects of the basement membrane of the neural epithelium and enlarged areas of mesenchymal extracellular matrix, with associated abnormalities of mesenchymal cell distribution, cell number and cell contacts, and deficiency of alcian blue staining. Apical neuroepithelial microfilament bundles were observed at later somite-stages in trisomic embryos c.f. = compared with controls, and development of the concave neuroepithelial curvature was correspondingly retarded. Apposition of the neural folds at the forebrain/midbrain junction was never made, even though late neural fold fusion occurred in the hindbrain and ventral forebrain. At later stages (9-20 somites) the neuroepithelial cells showed pyknotic nuclei and dense intracellular inclusions. These are interpreted as secondary effects.
对已知会发生无脑畸形的三体小鼠胚胎在颅神经形成期的胚胎组织进行了光镜（LM）和透射电镜（TEM）观察，并与正常小鼠胚胎的组织进行了比较。最早经常观察到的差异从体节形成前期晚期开始，出现在颅区的细胞外基质中。这些差异包括神经上皮基底膜的局部缺陷、间充质细胞外基质的扩大区域，伴有间充质细胞分布、细胞数量和细胞接触的异常，以及阿尔辛蓝染色不足。与对照组相比，在三体胚胎的后期体节阶段观察到顶端神经上皮微丝束，凹形神经上皮曲率的发育相应延迟。尽管后脑和腹侧前脑发生了晚期神经褶融合，但前脑/中脑交界处的神经褶从未并合。在后期阶段（9 - 20个体节），神经上皮细胞显示核固缩和密集的细胞内包涵体。这些被解释为继发效应。
