Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shiba 1400-4, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 11;13(1):13099. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40157-x.
We encountered 34 Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) cases among Thoroughbred horses in Japan from 2010 to 2021. Among them, 79.4% (27/34) either died or were euthanised. The risk factors associated with CDI and mortality among Japanese Thoroughbred horses remain unclear. We used genetic methods to examine C. difficile strains and their relationships with prognosis. Twenty-two (64.7%) cases were hospitalised at the onset of colitis. Outcomes were balanced for hospitalisation rates at the onset of colitis. The mortality rates of cases treated with metronidazole (65.0%) were significantly lower than untreated cases (100%). The predominant genotype of C. difficile isolate was polymerase chain reaction ribotype (RT) 078, isolated from 12 cases (35.3%), followed by RT014 (six cases, 17.6%). Binary toxin (C. difficile transferase [CDT])-positive strains, including all RT078 strains, were isolated from 16 horses. Mortality rates in RT078 strain (75.0%) or CDT-positive strain (83.3%) cases were comparable to that in cases of other types. Sufficient infection control is needed to prevent CDI in Thoroughbred horses. A timely and prompt CDI diagnosis leading to metronidazole treatment would improve CDI outcomes.
我们在 2010 年至 2021 年间遇到了 34 例日本纯种马的艰难梭菌（C. difficile）感染（CDI）病例。其中，79.4%（27/34）死亡或被安乐死。日本纯种马 CDI 及其与死亡率相关的风险因素仍不清楚。我们使用遗传方法检查艰难梭菌菌株及其与预后的关系。22 例（64.7%）病例在结肠炎发作时住院。结肠炎发作时的住院率在结果中是平衡的。接受甲硝唑治疗的病例（65.0%）的死亡率明显低于未治疗的病例（100%）。艰难梭菌分离株的主要基因型是聚合酶链反应核糖型（RT）078，从 12 例（35.3%）中分离出来，其次是 RT014（6 例，17.6%）。二进制毒素（艰难梭菌转移酶[CDT]）阳性株，包括所有 RT078 株，从 16 匹马中分离出来。RT078 株（75.0%）或 CDT 阳性株（83.3%）的死亡率与其他类型的病例相当。需要充分的感染控制来预防纯种马的 CDI。及时和迅速的 CDI 诊断并进行甲硝唑治疗将改善 CDI 的结果。
