Hosseinzadeh Mehdi, Yoo Joon, Ali Saqib, Lansky Jan, Mildeova Stanislava, Yousefpoor Mohammad Sadegh, Ahmed Omed Hassan, Rahmani Amir Masoud, Tightiz Lilia
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 11;13(1):13046. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40273-8.
Today, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are growing rapidly and provide a lot of comfort to human life. Due to the use of WSNs in various areas, like health care and battlefield, security is an important concern in the data transfer procedure to prevent data manipulation. Trust management is an affective scheme to solve these problems by building trust relationships between sensor nodes. In this paper, a cluster-based trusted routing technique using fire hawk optimizer called CTRF is presented to improve network security by considering the limited energy of nodes in WSNs. It includes a weighted trust mechanism (WTM) designed based on interactive behavior between sensor nodes. The main feature of this trust mechanism is to consider the exponential coefficients for the trust parameters, namely weighted reception rate, weighted redundancy rate, and energy state so that the trust level of sensor nodes is exponentially reduced or increased based on their hostile or friendly behaviors. Moreover, the proposed approach creates a fire hawk optimizer-based clustering mechanism to select cluster heads from a candidate set, which includes sensor nodes whose remaining energy and trust levels are greater than the average remaining energy and the average trust level of all network nodes, respectively. In this clustering method, a new cost function is proposed based on four objectives, including cluster head location, cluster head energy, distance from the cluster head to the base station, and cluster size. Finally, CTRF decides on inter-cluster routing paths through a trusted routing algorithm and uses these routes to transmit data from cluster heads to the base station. In the route construction process, CTRF regards various parameters such as energy of the route, quality of the route, reliability of the route, and number of hops. CTRF runs on the network simulator version 2 (NS2), and its performance is compared with other secure routing approaches with regard to energy, throughput, packet loss rate, latency, detection ratio, and accuracy. This evaluation proves the superior and successful performance of CTRF compared to other methods.
如今，无线传感器网络（WSNs）正在迅速发展，并为人类生活带来诸多便利。由于无线传感器网络在医疗保健和战场等各个领域的应用，在数据传输过程中，安全性成为防止数据被篡改的重要关注点。信任管理是一种通过在传感器节点之间建立信任关系来解决这些问题的有效方案。本文提出了一种基于簇的可信路由技术，即使用火鹰优化器的CTRF，通过考虑无线传感器网络中节点能量有限的情况来提高网络安全性。它包括一种基于传感器节点间交互行为设计的加权信任机制（WTM）。这种信任机制的主要特点是考虑信任参数的指数系数，即加权接收率、加权冗余率和能量状态，以便根据传感器节点的敌对或友好行为，指数级地降低或提高其信任级别。此外，所提出的方法创建了一种基于火鹰优化器的聚类机制，从候选集中选择簇头，候选集包括剩余能量和信任级别分别大于所有网络节点平均剩余能量和平均信任级别 的传感器节点。在这种聚类方法中，基于四个目标提出了一个新的成本函数，包括簇头位置、簇头能量、簇头到基站的距离和簇大小。最后，CTRF通过可信路由算法确定簇间路由路径，并使用这些路径将数据从簇头传输到基站。在路由构建过程中，CTRF会考虑各种参数，如路由能量、路由质量、路由可靠性和跳数。CTRF在网络模拟器版本2（NS2）上运行，并在能量、吞吐量、丢包率、延迟、检测率和准确性方面与其他安全路由方法进行性能比较。该评估证明了CTRF相对于其他方法具有卓越且成功的性能。
