Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University. Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Aug 12;23(1):1533. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16475-0.
Despite Colombia's robust well-child visits program, Colombian children and mothers still suffer from anemia, especially in populations of lower socioeconomic status. In this study, we aimed to quantify the prevalence and risk factors among mothers and their children attending their well-child visits in Apartadó, a municipality in the Urabá region of the Colombian Caribbean.
There were 100 mother-child pairs enrolled in this secondary data-analysis study from a health facility in the municipality of Apartadó, Urabá, Colombia, during well-child visits. Self-reported data included child illnesses in the past two weeks (diarrheal, fever, or respiratory symptoms), child feeding practices (breastfeeding, complementary feeding), child vaccinations, and demographic characteristics (mother's and child's age, mother's education, marital status, race, and child sex) and socioeconomic status. Mother and child anthropometry data were collected via standardized weight and height measurements. Mother or child anemia status was collected via a blood test. Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations between risk factors and anemia.
The anemia prevalence in children (74%) and mothers (47%) was higher than the Colombian national prevalence. Reported child comorbidities in the preceding two weeks were not significantly associated with child anemia and included respiratory illnesses (60%), fever (46%), and diarrhea (30%). Stunting (8%) was not significantly associated with anemia. Wasting (0%) was not observed in this study. Reported child breastfeeding and complementary feeding were also not significantly associated with child anemia. In adjusted models, the child's significant risk factors for anemia included the mother's "Mestiza" race (OR: 4.681; 95% CI: 1.258, 17.421) versus the Afro-Colombian race. Older children (25-60 months) were less likely to develop anemia than younger (6-24 months) children (OR: 0.073; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.360).
The finding of high anemia prevalence in this study advances our understanding of child and maternal anemia in populations of low socioeconomic status where health care is regularly accessed through well-child programs.
尽管哥伦比亚有健全的儿童健康访视计划，但哥伦比亚儿童和母亲仍患有贫血症，尤其是在社会经济地位较低的人群中。在这项研究中，我们旨在量化在哥伦比亚加勒比地区乌拉瓦地区的Apartadó市进行儿童健康访视的母亲及其子女的贫血患病率和危险因素。
这是一项二次数据分析研究，共有 100 对母子参与，来自哥伦比亚乌拉瓦Apartadó市的一个医疗保健机构的儿童健康访视。自我报告的数据包括过去两周内儿童的疾病（腹泻、发热或呼吸道症状）、儿童喂养方式（母乳喂养、补充喂养）、儿童疫苗接种情况以及人口统计学特征（母亲和儿童的年龄、母亲的教育程度、婚姻状况、种族和儿童性别）和社会经济地位。通过标准化的体重和身高测量收集母亲和儿童的人体测量数据。通过血液检查收集母亲或儿童的贫血状况。使用卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归评估危险因素与贫血之间的关联。
儿童（74%）和母亲（47%）的贫血患病率高于哥伦比亚全国平均水平。在过去两周内报告的儿童合并症与儿童贫血无显著相关性，包括呼吸道疾病（60%）、发热（46%）和腹泻（30%）。发育迟缓（8%）与贫血无显著相关性。本研究未观察到消瘦（0%）。报告的儿童母乳喂养和补充喂养也与儿童贫血无显著相关性。在调整后的模型中，儿童贫血的显著危险因素包括母亲的“梅斯蒂萨”种族（OR：4.681；95%CI：1.258，17.421）与非裔哥伦比亚种族相比。25-60 个月的较大儿童患贫血的可能性低于 6-24 个月的较小儿童（OR：0.073；95%CI：0.015，0.360）。
本研究发现贫血患病率较高，这加深了我们对定期通过儿童健康访视计划获得医疗保健的低社会经济地位人群中儿童和母亲贫血的认识。
