Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic.
Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Heydukova 27, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia.
BMC Psychol. 2023 Aug 11;11(1):230. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01270-8.
Exposure to traumatic events in childhood, including bullying, can negatively affect physical and mental health in adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of bullying in different sociodemographic groups of the Slovak Republic and to assess the moderating effect of bullying on the associations between childhood trauma, resilience, and the later occurrence of psychopathology.
For the analyses, a representative sample of the population of the Slovak Republic was used (N = 1018, mean age 46.24 years, 48.7% of men). Multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the predictive ability of childhood trauma (The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and resilience (The Brief Resilience Scale, BRS) to explain psychopathology (The Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI-53). Bullying (The Adverse Childhood Experiences - International Questionnaire, ACE-IQ) was used as a moderator.
In total, 13.5% of respondents have experienced bullying. The most common form of bullying was making fun of someone because of how their body or face looked (46.7%) and excluding someone from activities or ignoring them (36.5%). Higher scores in all types of psychopathology and the Global Severity Index (GSI) were significantly associated with higher scores of emotional and sexual abuse, and some of them with physical neglect. The protective effect of resilience was moderated by bullying in several types of psychopathology, specifically in somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, psychoticism, and the GSI.
Understanding the links between childhood trauma, bullying, and later psychopathology can help professionals target policies, resources, and interventions to support children and families at risk. Every child should feel accepted and safe at home and school.
儿童时期经历创伤事件，包括遭受欺凌，会对成年后的身心健康产生负面影响。本研究旨在确定在斯洛伐克共和国不同社会人口群体中欺凌行为的流行率，并评估欺凌行为对童年创伤、适应力与日后发生精神病理学之间关联的调节作用。
本研究使用了具有代表性的斯洛伐克共和国人群样本（N=1018，平均年龄 46.24 岁，男性占 48.7%）。采用多元线性回归模型来研究童年创伤（儿童期创伤问卷，CTQ）和适应力（简要适应量表，BRS）对精神病理学（简明症状量表-53，BSI-53）的预测能力。欺凌行为（不良童年经历国际问卷，ACE-IQ）被用作调节变量。
共有 13.5%的受访者经历过欺凌。最常见的欺凌形式是因为他人的身体或外貌而嘲笑他们（46.7%）和将他人排除在活动之外或忽视他们（36.5%）。所有类型的精神病理学和总体严重指数（GSI）得分较高，与情感和性虐待得分较高显著相关，其中一些与身体忽视有关。适应力的保护作用在多种类型的精神病理学中被欺凌行为所调节，特别是在躯体化、强迫观念及行为、人际关系敏感、抑郁、精神病性和 GSI 中。
了解童年创伤、欺凌与日后精神病理学之间的联系，可以帮助专业人员确定政策、资源和干预措施，以支持有风险的儿童和家庭。每个孩子都应该在家庭和学校中感到被接纳和安全。
