Zhaleh Reihaneh, Mohammadi Hosein, Boccia Flavio, Firoozzare Ali, Covino Daniela
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48978, Iran.
Department of Economic and Legal Studies, Parthenope University of Naples, 80132 Naples, Italy.
Foods. 2023 Aug 2;12(15):2933. doi: 10.3390/foods12152933.
In recent decades, the global increase in the demand for food and the increasing growth of the world population has caused an inevitable transition from traditional to advanced agriculture and the use of new technologies in the production of food and agricultural products. One of the new achievements of biotechnology is the production and use of genetically modified plants. The benefits of genetically modified crops can be seen well beyond the farm as well, from helping to conserve natural resources to fighting climate change. Identifying the factors that influence people's acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods can inform industries and policymakers regarding their innovation trajectories, as well as policy development and implementation. Therefore, the current research evaluates the effect of the marketing mix and other effective factors on the consumption of genetically modified (GM) edible oil in Mashhad, Iran. The required information was collected by completing 390 questionnaires and using the available sampling method in 2022. Factors affecting the probability of consumers making a decision to consume GM edible oil and the consumption amounts of this oil were analyzed through Heckman's two-stage Tobit model using the STATA 16 software package. The results showed that factors affecting the intention of consuming GM edible oils are different from factors affecting the amount of consumption of GM edible oils. Moreover, selected marketing mixes have a significant effect on the amount of consumption of GM edible oils, and therefore, policy-makers can influence the consumption of GM edible oils by using marketing tools. The effect of household monthly income on the consumption of GM edible oil is also negative and significant, which shows that households with higher incomes have less consumption of GM edible oils. Based on the results, trust in the government has a positive and significant effect on the consumption of GM edible oil, so when consumers have trust in their government about GM food products, the consumption of GM edible oil will increase. Therefore, it is suggested that the country's food security authorities gain the trust of consumers by clarifying the production process of GM products and holding scientific debates between the proponents and opponents of the production and consumption of GM food products in order to express the advantages and disadvantages of these products to inform consumers and help them choose between products.
近几十年来，全球对粮食需求的增加以及世界人口的不断增长，导致了从传统农业向先进农业的必然转变，并在粮食和农产品生产中使用新技术。生物技术的新成果之一是转基因植物的生产和使用。转基因作物的益处不仅体现在农场之外，从有助于保护自然资源到应对气候变化都有体现。识别影响人们接受转基因食品的因素，可以为行业和政策制定者提供有关其创新轨迹以及政策制定和实施方面的信息。因此，当前的研究评估了营销组合和其他有效因素对伊朗马什哈德转基因食用油消费的影响。所需信息通过在2022年完成390份问卷并采用便利抽样方法收集。使用STATA 16软件包，通过赫克曼两阶段托比特模型分析了影响消费者决定消费转基因食用油的概率以及该食用油消费量的因素。结果表明，影响消费转基因食用油意愿的因素与影响转基因食用油消费量的因素不同。此外，所选的营销组合对转基因食用油的消费量有显著影响，因此，政策制定者可以通过使用营销工具来影响转基因食用油的消费。家庭月收入对转基因食用油消费的影响也是负面且显著的，这表明收入较高的家庭对转基因食用油的消费量较少。基于这些结果，对政府的信任对转基因食用油的消费有积极且显著的影响，所以当消费者对政府在转基因食品产品方面有信任时，转基因食用油的消费量将会增加。因此，建议该国的粮食安全当局通过阐明转基因产品的生产过程，并在转基因食品生产和消费的支持者与反对者之间举行科学辩论，以说明这些产品的优缺点，从而赢得消费者的信任，为消费者提供信息并帮助他们在产品之间做出选择。
