Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Biomedical Services, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea.
Molecules. 2023 Jul 31;28(15):5779. doi: 10.3390/molecules28155779.
Beta-glucan (β-glucan) is a natural polysaccharide produced by fungi, bacteria, and plants. Although it has been reported that β-glucan enhances innate immune memory responses, it is unclear whether different types of β-glucans display similar immune effects. To address this issue, we employed zymosan (β-1,3-glycosidic linkage) and pustulan (β-1,6-glycosidic linkage) to investigate their in vivo effects on innate memory immune responses. We examined the changes of innate memory-related markers in macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, two immune cell types that display innate memory characteristics, at two different time points (16 h and 7 days) after β-glucan stimulation. We found that short-term (16 h) zymosan treatment significantly induced macrophages to upregulate IL15 production and increased surface IL15Rα expression on NK cells. In addition, long-term (7 days) zymosan treatment significantly induced macrophages to upregulate the expression of innate memory-related markers (e.g., TNFα, HIF1α, and mTOR) and induced NK cells to express enhanced levels of KLRG1, known as an innate memory-like marker. Our results provide support that zymosan can be an effective adjuvant to promote innate memory immune responses, providing a bridge between innate and adaptive immune cells to enhance various immune responses such as those directed against tumors.
β-葡聚糖（β-glucan）是一种由真菌、细菌和植物产生的天然多糖。尽管已经有报道称β-葡聚糖增强了先天免疫记忆反应，但不同类型的β-葡聚糖是否表现出相似的免疫效果尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们使用了酵母聚糖（β-1,3-糖苷键）和普鲁兰（β-1,6-糖苷键）来研究它们对先天记忆免疫反应的体内影响。我们检测了β-葡聚糖刺激后两个具有先天记忆特征的免疫细胞类型——巨噬细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞中与先天记忆相关的标记物的变化，分别在两个不同的时间点（16 小时和 7 天）。我们发现，短期（16 小时）酵母聚糖处理显著诱导巨噬细胞上调 IL15 的产生，并增加 NK 细胞表面 IL15Rα的表达。此外，长期（7 天）酵母聚糖处理显著诱导巨噬细胞上调与先天记忆相关的标记物（如 TNFα、HIF1α 和 mTOR）的表达，并诱导 NK 细胞表达增强的先天记忆样标记物 KLRG1。我们的结果支持酵母聚糖可以作为一种有效的佐剂来促进先天免疫记忆反应，为先天和适应性免疫细胞之间提供了桥梁，以增强针对肿瘤等各种免疫反应。
