Raffo Antonio, Sapienza Filippo Umberto, Astolfi Roberta, Lombardi Gabriele, Fraschetti Caterina, Božović Mijat, Artini Marco, Papa Rosanna, Trecca Marika, Fiorentino Simona, Vecchiarelli Valerio, Papalini Claudia, Selan Laura, Ragno Rino
CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jul 31;12(15):2835. doi: 10.3390/plants12152835.
The aim of the study was to investigate how essential oil production and associated chemical composition and related biological activity could be influenced by different cultivation treatments and distillation methods. Mill. (fennel), L. (oregano) and L. (thyme) were cultivated in absence of any fertilizer (control) and in presence of three different fertilizers: a chemical one with augmented mineral phosphorus and potassium, a second added with hydrolyzed organic substance and mineral phosphorus and potassium (organic-mineral) and a third one treated with a high content of organic nitrogen of protein origin (organic). The plants were subjected to steam distillation using two modalities, recycled and continuous, to obtain 32 essential oil samples. Chemical composition analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; in vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using a broth microdilution method. In general, the recycled distillation method appeared to have a slightly higher yield than the continuous method. The "mineral" and "organic-mineral" treatments resulted in a higher yield compared to the "organic" or "control" treatments, and this was particularly evident in the recycled method. The "control" plants had a lower yield of essential oils. Anethole (13.9-59.5%) and estragole (13.4-52.2%) were the main constituents of the fennel oils; -cymene and its derivatives carvacrol and thymol were the main constituents of the oregano and thyme samples. The antimicrobial activity of the thyme oils on ranged from 0.31 to 0.16% (); a lower effect of the oregano samples and no activity of the fennel samples were observed. The essential oils failed to inhibit the growth of strains.
本研究的目的是调查不同种植处理和蒸馏方法如何影响精油产量、相关化学成分及相关生物活性。小茴香（Mill.）、牛至（L.）和百里香（L.）分别在不施用任何肥料（对照）以及施用三种不同肥料的条件下种植：一种是添加了强化矿物磷和钾的化学肥料，第二种是添加了水解有机物质以及矿物磷和钾的肥料（有机 - 矿物肥料），第三种是用高含量蛋白质来源有机氮处理的肥料（有机肥料）。使用循环和连续两种方式对植物进行水蒸气蒸馏，以获得32个精油样品。采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪进行化学成分分析；使用肉汤微量稀释法评估体外抗菌活性。总体而言，循环蒸馏法的产率似乎略高于连续蒸馏法。与“有机”或“对照”处理相比，“矿物”和“有机 - 矿物”处理的产率更高，这在循环蒸馏法中尤为明显。“对照”植物的精油产量较低。茴香脑（13.9 - 59.5%）和草蒿脑（13.4 - 52.2%）是茴芹油的主要成分；对异丙基甲苯及其衍生物香芹酚和百里香酚是牛至和百里香样品的主要成分。百里香油对[具体菌种]的抗菌活性范围为0.31%至0.16%（[具体单位]）；观察到牛至样品的效果较低，而茴芹样品无活性。这些精油未能抑制[具体菌株]的生长。
