Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
Department of Education, Instituto Federal Goiano Campus Ceres, Ceres 76300-000, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2023 Aug 7;15(15):3494. doi: 10.3390/nu15153494.
Studying the dietary habits and symptoms of postmenopausal women during situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic is important to mitigate long-term post-pandemic health problems. We compared the menopausal symptoms and food consumption in postmenopausal women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal survey was conducted on postmenopausal Brazilian women between 2018 and 2021. The Kupperman-Blatt Menopausal Index, Women's Health Questionnaire, and 24 h food recall were used. Of 274 women, 78 (28.5%) participated in the study during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intensity of the symptoms was lower during the pandemic than during the previous period ( < 0.05). Energy and processed food consumption were lower during the pandemic than before ( = 0.003 and = 0.003, respectively). Milk and plain yogurt consumption were also lower ( = 0.043), while the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and sweet foods was higher ( = 0.007 and = 0.001, respectively) during the pandemic. There was also a decrease in the consumption of proteins and lipids ( = 0.001 and = 0.004, respectively). In conclusion, we found that postmenopausal women consumed sweet foods and sugar-sweetened beverages in higher quantities and had a lower consumption of milk and plain yogurt and processed foods during the pandemic than during the pre-pandemic period. Furthermore, decreases in energy and macronutrient consumption were observed.
研究绝经后妇女在 COVID-19 大流行等情况下的饮食习惯和症状对于减轻长期大流行后健康问题至关重要。我们比较了绝经后巴西妇女在 COVID-19 大流行前后的绝经症状和食物摄入情况。对 2018 年至 2021 年的绝经后巴西妇女进行了一项纵向调查。使用了 Kupperman-Blatt 绝经指数、妇女健康问卷和 24 小时食物回忆法。在 274 名妇女中，有 78 名（28.5%）在 COVID-19 大流行期间参加了研究。与前一时期相比，大流行期间症状的强度较低（<0.05）。大流行期间的能量和加工食品摄入量低于前一时期（=0.003 和=0.003）。牛奶和原味酸奶的摄入量也较低（=0.043），而含糖饮料和甜食的摄入量较高（=0.007 和=0.001）。蛋白质和脂质的摄入量也有所下降（=0.001 和=0.004）。总之，我们发现绝经后妇女在大流行期间比大流行前摄入更多的含糖饮料和甜食，并且摄入的牛奶和原味酸奶以及加工食品较少。此外，还观察到能量和宏量营养素的摄入量减少。
