Piroutiniya Asrin, Rasekhmanesh Mohamad Hosein, Masa-Campos José Luis, López-Hernández Javier, García-Marín Eduardo, Tamayo-Domínguez Adrián, Sánchez-Olivares Pablo, Ruiz-Cruz Jorge A
Group of RadioFrequency: Circuits and Systems (RFCAS), Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Centro de Investigación en Procesado de la Información y Telecomunicaciones, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Aug 5;23(15):6961. doi: 10.3390/s23156961.
Two types of cost-efficient antennas based on dielectric gradient index dielectric lens have been designed for 5G applications at 28 GHz. The first is a linearly polarized flat lens antenna (LP-FLA) for terrestrial 5G communications. The second is a novel circularly polarized stepped lens antenna (CP-SLA) for 5G satellite services. An efficient design method is presented to optimize and conform the lens topology to the radiation pattern coming from the antenna feeder. The LP-FLA is fed by a traditional linearly polarized pyramidal horn antenna (PHA). The CP-SLA is fed by an open-ended bow-tie waveguide cavity (BCA) antenna. This cavity feeder (BCA), using cross-sections with bow-tie shapes, allows having circular polarization at the desired frequency bandwidth. The two types of presented antennas have been manufactured in order to verify their performance by an easy, low-cost, three-dimensional (3D) printing technique based on stereolithography. The peak realized gain value for the flat (LP-FLA) and stepped (CP-SLA) lens antennas have been increased at 28 GHz to 25.2 and 24.8 dBi, respectively, by disposing the lens structures at the appropriated distance from the feeders. Likewise, using an array of horns (PHA) or open-ended bow-tie waveguide cavity (BCA) antenna feeders, it is possible to obtain a maximum steering angle range of 20° and 35°, for a directivity over 15 dBi and 10 dBi, in the planar and stepped lens antennas, respectively.
基于介质梯度折射率介质透镜的两种具有成本效益的天线已被设计用于28GHz的5G应用。第一种是用于地面5G通信的线性极化平板透镜天线（LP-FLA）。第二种是用于5G卫星服务的新型圆极化阶梯透镜天线（CP-SLA）。提出了一种有效的设计方法，以优化透镜拓扑结构并使其与来自天线馈源的辐射方向图相匹配。LP-FLA由传统的线性极化角锥喇叭天线（PHA）馈电。CP-SLA由开放式蝴蝶结波导腔（BCA）天线馈电。这种腔体馈源（BCA）采用蝴蝶结形状的横截面，能够在所需的频率带宽内实现圆极化。已制造出这两种天线，以便通过基于立体光刻的简单、低成本三维（3D）打印技术来验证其性能。通过将透镜结构放置在距馈源适当的距离处，平板（LP-FLA）和阶梯（CP-SLA）透镜天线在28GHz时的峰值实现增益值分别提高到了25.2dBi和24.8dBi。同样，使用喇叭阵列（PHA）或开放式蝴蝶结波导腔（BCA）天线馈源，在平面透镜天线和阶梯透镜天线中，对于超过15dBi和10dBi的方向性，分别可以获得20°和35°的最大转向角范围。
