Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, United States of America.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Nov 15;341:42-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.048. Epub 2023 Aug 10.
Previous research about the relationship between bullying victimization and adolescent depressive symptoms was mostly based on latent variable modeling. This study, instead, applied item-level analysis to explore the cross-sectional relationship and longitudinal development between bullying victimization and adolescent depressive symptoms with network models.
This study used Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and Children's Depression Inventory to collect data. A total of 1911 middle school students (55.2 % female; M = 12.98 ± 0.60 at T1) completed measures on four occasions at 6-month intervals. Nine network analysis models were employed to better understand the relationship between variables.
(1) "Being threatened or intimidated" was the most influential bullying behavior within bullying victimization items; (2) "being excluded", "being spoken ill of" and "negative mood" were the bridge items between bullying victimization and adolescent depressive symptoms; (3) the most influential bullying victimization item on adolescent depressive symptoms was "being robbed or blackmailed" for short-term development and "being excluded" for long-term development. While the most affected depressive symptom by bullying victimization was "anhedonia" for short-term development and "negative mood" for long-term development.
Self-report measure is adopted for all variables in the study, and there may be some deviation. Due to the questionnaires, the items of bullying behaviors and depressive symptoms included in the network analysis are limited.
From the item level, this study found more specific relationships between bullying victimization and adolescent depressive symptoms. These findings highlight depressed mood and anhedonia are depressive symptoms that should be more paid attention to in clinical intervention for bullying victims.
以往关于受欺凌与青少年抑郁症状之间关系的研究大多基于潜变量建模。本研究则采用项目级分析，通过网络模型探索欺凌受害与青少年抑郁症状之间的横断面关系和纵向发展。
本研究采用 Olweus 欺负/受欺负问卷和儿童抑郁量表收集数据。共有 1911 名中学生（55.2%为女性；T1 时的平均年龄为 12.98±0.60）在 6 个月的间隔时间内完成了四次测量。共使用了 9 个网络分析模型，以更好地理解变量之间的关系。
（1）在欺凌受害项目中，“受到威胁或恐吓”是最具影响力的欺凌行为；（2）“被排斥”“被说坏话”和“负面情绪”是欺凌受害与青少年抑郁症状之间的桥梁项目；（3）在短期发展中，对青少年抑郁症状最具影响力的欺凌受害项目是“被抢劫或勒索”，而在长期发展中则是“被排斥”。在短期发展中，受欺凌受害影响最大的抑郁症状是“快感缺失”，而在长期发展中则是“负面情绪”。
本研究所有变量均采用自报告测量，可能存在一定偏差。由于问卷限制，网络分析中包含的欺凌行为和抑郁症状项目有限。
从项目层面看，本研究发现了欺凌受害与青少年抑郁症状之间更具体的关系。这些发现强调，在针对欺凌受害者的临床干预中，应更加关注抑郁情绪和快感缺失等抑郁症状。
