C-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) attenuates renal fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone-acetate-salt hypertensive mice.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in hypertension-induced renal fibrosis, a final pathway that leads to end-stage renal failure. C-Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a specific agonist of natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C), has been reported to have protective effects against hypertension. However, the role of C-ANP in hypertension-associated renal fibrosis has not yet been elucidated. In this study, mice were randomly divided into SHAM group, DOCA-salt group and DOCA-salt + C-ANP group. Renal morphology changes, renal function and fibrosis were detected. Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) stimulated by aldosterone were used for cell function and mechanism study. The DOCA-salt treated mice exhibited hypertension, kidney fibrosis and renal dysfunction, which were attenuated by C-ANP. Moreover, C-ANP inhibited DOCA-salt treatment-induced renal EMT as evidenced by decrease of the mesenchymal marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) and vimentin and increase of epithelial cell marker E-cadherin. In HK2 cells, aldosterone induced EMT response, which was also suppressed by C-ANP. The key transcription factors (twist, snail, slug and ZEB1) involved in EMT were increased in the kidney of DOCA-salt-treated mice, which were also suppressed by C-ANP. Mechanistically, C-ANP inhibited the aldosterone-induced translocation of MR from cytosol to nucleus without change of MR expression. Furthermore, C-ANP rescued the enhanced expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4 and oxidative stress after aldosterone stimulation. Aldosterone-induced Akt and Erk1/2 activation was also suppressed by C-ANP. Our data suggest that C-ANP attenuates renal fibrosis, likely through inhibition of MR activation, enhanced oxidative stress and Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathway.