Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull (IQS-URL), Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
Anal Chim Acta. 2023 Oct 2;1276:341563. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341563. Epub 2023 Jul 3.
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the most widely used antibiotics worldwide and has been detected at high concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents and river waters. In this study, the SMX degradation process combining the simultaneous chlorine oxidation and UV photodegradation is assessed and compared with both photodegradation and chlorine oxidation processes individually. Photodegradation and Chlorine/UV tests were performed using Suntest CPS equipment. Different experimental techniques, including UV-Visible spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and positive and negative ionization mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS-ESI(+)-ESI(-)), were used to evaluate the degradation reaction of SMX. All the analytical data generated have been processed with the Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) method to monitor, resolve, and identify the several transformation products generated during the studied degradation processes. A new data fusion analysis strategy is proposed to examine the three processes simultaneously (with only photodegradation, only chlorination, and simultaneous chlorination+photodegradation). Combined with the analysis of different analytical techniques individually (spectrophotometry, LC-DAD, and LC-MS), the fusion of all generated data improved the description of the degradation processes. Detection using DAD allowed a better correspondence among the species monitored spectrophotometrically (UV-Vis) with those analyzed chromatographically. On the other side, detection using MS in both positive and negative acquisition modes allowed resolving a larger number of chemical compounds (specially SMX degradation subproducts) that could not be detected by UV-Vis spectrometry. The results obtained permitted the comparison of the effects produced by the three different degradation processes.
磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）是世界上使用最广泛的抗生素之一，在污水处理厂废水和河水中有很高的浓度被检测到。在本研究中，评估了结合同时氯氧化和 UV 光降解的 SMX 降解过程，并将其与单独的光降解和氯氧化过程进行了比较。光降解和氯/UV 测试使用 Suntest CPS 设备进行。采用紫外可见分光光度法和液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器和正负离子化质谱（LC-DAD-MS-ESI(+)-ESI(-)）等不同实验技术，评价了 SMX 的降解反应。所有生成的分析数据均采用多变量曲线分辨交替最小二乘法（MCR-ALS）进行处理，以监测、解析和鉴定研究降解过程中生成的几种转化产物。提出了一种新的数据融合分析策略，同时考察三个过程（仅光降解、仅氯化和同时氯化+光降解）。结合单独使用不同分析技术（分光光度法、LC-DAD 和 LC-MS）的分析，所有生成数据的融合提高了对降解过程的描述。使用 DAD 检测可以使分光光度法（UV-Vis）监测的物种与色谱分析的物种之间更好地对应。另一方面，在正、负采集模式下使用 MS 检测可以解析更多无法通过 UV-Vis 光谱法检测到的化学化合物（特别是 SMX 降解亚产物）。获得的结果允许比较三种不同降解过程产生的效果。
