Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
J Orthop Res. 2023 Oct;41(10):2133-2162. doi: 10.1002/jor.25678. Epub 2023 Aug 28.
Several tendon and ligament animal models were presented at the 2022 Orthopaedic Research Society Tendon Section Conference held at the University of Pennsylvania, May 5 to 7, 2022. A key objective of the breakout sessions at this meeting was to develop guidelines for the field, including for preclinical tendon and ligament animal models. This review summarizes the perspectives of experts for eight surgical small and large animal models of rotator cuff tear, flexor tendon transection, anterior cruciate ligament tear, and Achilles tendon injury using the framework: "Why, Who, What, Where, When, and How" (5W1H). A notable conclusion is that the perfect tendon model does not exist; there is no single gold standard animal model that represents the totality of tendon and ligament disease. Each model has advantages and disadvantages and should be carefully considered in light of the specific research question. There are also circumstances when an animal model is not the best approach. The wide variety of tendon and ligament pathologies necessitates choices between small and large animal models, different anatomic sites, and a range of factors associated with each model during the planning phase. Attendees agreed on some guiding principles including: providing clear justification for the model selected, providing animal model details at publication, encouraging sharing of protocols and expertise, improving training of research personnel, and considering greater collaboration with veterinarians. A clear path for translating from animal models to clinical practice was also considered as a critical next step for accelerating progress in the tendon and ligament field.
2022 年 5 月 5 日至 7 日，在宾夕法尼亚大学举行的 2022 年骨科研究学会肌腱分会会议上展示了几种肌腱和韧带动物模型。本次会议分组会议的一个主要目标是为该领域制定指南，包括临床前肌腱和韧带动物模型。这篇综述总结了专家们对八种外科小型和大型动物模型的观点，这些模型用于研究肩袖撕裂、屈肌腱横断、前交叉韧带撕裂和跟腱损伤，使用的框架是“为什么、谁、什么、哪里、何时以及如何”（5W1H）。一个值得注意的结论是，完美的肌腱模型并不存在；没有单一的黄金标准动物模型可以代表肌腱和韧带疾病的全貌。每种模型都有优点和缺点，应根据具体的研究问题仔细考虑。在某些情况下，动物模型并不是最好的方法。广泛的肌腱和韧带病变需要在小型和大型动物模型、不同的解剖部位以及与每种模型相关的一系列因素之间进行选择，这些都需要在规划阶段进行考虑。与会者一致认为，有一些指导原则，包括：为所选模型提供明确的理由，在发表时提供动物模型细节，鼓励分享方案和专业知识，提高研究人员的培训水平，并考虑与兽医更大程度地合作。与会者还认为，从动物模型向临床实践转化的明确途径是加速肌腱和韧带领域进展的关键下一步。
