Department of Leadership and Organisational Behaviour, Norwegian Business School (BI), Nydalveien, Olso, Norway.
Department of Psychology, City University London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023 Sep;239:104002. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104002. Epub 2023 Aug 11.
This study explores the relationship between bright- and dark-side personality traits and four major styles of defense mechanisms (DMs) as this relationship remains unexplored and important in understanding the DMs. In all, 435 adult working participants (241 men; 194 women; Mean age 46.06 yrs) mainly in middle management jobs, completed a 78-item, six-trait measure of bright-side personality (HPTI: High Potential Type Indicator), a 25-item five-trait measure of the dark-side personality (PID-5;BF: DSM-5-Brief Form) and 88-item, four-styles measure of defense mechanisms (Defense Style Questionnaire). The aim was to examine demographic (sex, age, education), ideological and personality trait correlates of the DMs. It was hypothesized that the dark-side traits, particularly Detachment would be most strongly related to the DMs. Thereafter, a hierarchical linear regression was performed with each DM factor as criterion and predictors being demography, ideology, self-esteem as well as bright- and dark-side personality traits. Detachment was associated with all DMs, particularly Maladaptive (r = 0.68) and Image Distorting Style (r = 0.38) while Conscientiousness was associated with none. One implication concerns the assessment of DMs by standard tests. Limitations are acknowledged and include method invariance and sample homogeneity.
这项研究探讨了明暗人格特质与四种主要防御机制（DMs）风格之间的关系，因为这种关系在理解 DMs 方面仍然未被探索且很重要。共有 435 名成年在职参与者（241 名男性；194 名女性；平均年龄 46.06 岁）主要从事中层管理工作，完成了 78 项、六特质的明性人格量表（HPTI：高潜力类型指标）、25 项、五特质的暗性人格量表（PID-5；DSM-5-简短形式）和 88 项、四特质的防御机制量表（防御风格问卷）。目的是检验防御机制的人口统计学（性别、年龄、教育）、意识形态和人格特质相关性。假设暗性特质，特别是冷漠，与 DMs 的关系最密切。之后，进行了分层线性回归，每个 DM 因素作为标准，预测因子是人口统计学、意识形态、自尊以及明暗人格特质。冷漠与所有 DMs 相关，尤其是适应不良（r=0.68）和形象扭曲风格（r=0.38），而尽责性与任何 DMs 都不相关。一个含义涉及到标准测试对 DMs 的评估。承认存在局限性，包括方法不变性和样本同质性。
