College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
Laoling Animal Husbandry Development Center, De'zhou, Shandong 253600, China.
Poult Sci. 2023 Oct;102(10):102996. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102996. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
Avian arthritis is a relatively common disease in the poultry industry, the cause of which is complex. Bacterial arthritis is often caused by infection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), whereas viral arthritis is caused by avian orthoreovirus (ARV). To investigate the infection of S. aureus and ARV in cases of avian arthritis, a total of 77 samples characterized by arthritis were collected and detection. The results showed that 68.83% of the samples were positive for ARV, and 66.23% were positive for S. aureus. Among them, the ARV mono-infection rate was 22.08%, the S. aureus mono-infection rate was 19.48%, and ARV and S. aureus co-infection rate was 45.45%, indicating that ARV and S. aureus co-infection is common in arthritis cases. To further investigate the synergistic pathogenicity of ARV and S. aureus, ARV and S. aureus were used to mono-infect, co-infect, and (or) sequential infect SPF chickens and the clinical indications, pathologic changes, ARV load, S. aureus bacterial distribution, and cytokine level of the challenged chickens were evaluated. Decreased weight gain, increased mortality, and difficulties in standing were observed in all dual-infected groups and the singular-infected group. There were significantly more severe macroscopic and microscopic hock lesions, and larger amounts of a wider range of tissue distribution of ARV antigens and S. aureus bacterial distribution in the dual-infected groups compared to the single-infected and control groups. Cytokine detection showed a significant change in IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in the infected groups, especially in the ARV-S. aureus co-infection, and (or) sequential infection groups, compared with the control group. Hence, ARV and S. aureus synergistically increased mortality in infected chickens, potentiated the severity of arthritis, and increased the amount of ARV RNA in tendons.
禽关节炎是家禽养殖业中较为常见的疾病，其病因复杂。细菌性关节炎常由金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）感染引起，而病毒性关节炎则由禽正呼肠孤病毒（ARV）引起。为了研究禽关节炎病例中金黄色葡萄球菌和 ARV 的感染情况，共采集并检测了 77 个具有关节炎特征的样本。结果显示，68.83%的样本 ARV 呈阳性，66.23%的样本 S. aureus 呈阳性。其中，ARV 单一感染率为 22.08%，S. aureus 单一感染率为 19.48%，ARV 和 S. aureus 混合感染率为 45.45%，表明 ARV 和 S. aureus 混合感染在关节炎病例中较为常见。为了进一步研究 ARV 和 S. aureus 的协同致病性，采用 ARV 和 S. aureus 分别感染、混合感染和（或）顺序感染 SPF 鸡，评估攻毒鸡的临床症状、病理变化、ARV 载量、S. aureus 细菌分布和细胞因子水平。所有双重感染组和单一感染组均出现体重增加减少、死亡率增加和站立困难。与单一感染组和对照组相比，双重感染组的跗关节宏观和微观病变更严重，ARV 抗原和 S. aureus 细菌分布的组织范围更大。细胞因子检测显示，感染组 IFN-γ、IL-1β和 IL-6 水平均发生显著变化，尤其是在 ARV-S. aureus 混合感染和（或）顺序感染组中，与对照组相比差异显著。因此，ARV 和 S. aureus 协同作用增加了感染鸡的死亡率，加重了关节炎的严重程度，并增加了肌腱中 ARV RNA 的含量。
