Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
Trends Cell Biol. 2024 Feb;34(2):122-135. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.06.009. Epub 2023 Aug 11.
Molecules inside cells are subject to physical forces and undergo biochemical interactions, continuously changing their physical properties and dynamics. Despite this, cells achieve highly ordered molecular patterns that are crucial to regulate various cellular functions and to specify cell fate. In the Caenorhabditis elegans one-cell embryo, protein asymmetries are established in the narrow time window of a cell division. What are the mechanisms that allow molecules to establish asymmetries, defying the randomness imposed by Brownian motion? Mathematical and computational models have paved the way to the understanding of protein dynamics up to the 'single-molecule level' when resolution represents an issue for precise experimental measurements. Here we review the models that interpret cortical and cytoplasmic asymmetries in the one-cell C. elegans embryo.
细胞内的分子受到物理力的作用，并发生生化相互作用，不断改变它们的物理性质和动力学特性。尽管如此，细胞仍能实现高度有序的分子模式，这对于调节各种细胞功能和决定细胞命运至关重要。在秀丽隐杆线虫的单细胞胚胎中，蛋白质的不对称性是在细胞分裂的短暂时间窗口内建立的。是什么机制使得分子能够建立不对称性，从而克服布朗运动带来的随机性？数学和计算模型为理解蛋白质动力学铺平了道路，直到分辨率成为精确实验测量的一个问题时，达到了“单分子水平”。在这里，我们回顾了解释线虫单细胞胚胎中皮层和细胞质不对称性的模型。
