Antao Helena Sofia, Sacadura-Leite Ema, Bandarra Narcisa Maria, Figueira Maria Luisa
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
CISP - Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, ENSP, Lisbon, Portugal.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Jul 28;14:1200403. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200403. eCollection 2023.
Numerous studies have described associations between the omega-3 index (defined as the RBC percentage of EPA and DHA) and mental conditions, but no risk stratification or target value has gathered consensus so far. This narrative review aims to summarize the published data on the association between omega-3 index and mental illness and to contribute to the concept of an omega-3 index in the field of mental health. The bibliographic searches have been carried out in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to find relevant English language original research studies related to that association. The study search and selection process were registered in a PRISMA flow. Thirty-six studies were included in this review examining the links between omega-3 index and postpartum depression (3), major depression (15), major depression and bipolar disorder (1), bipolar disorder (4), schizophrenia and major depression (1), schizophrenia and other psychosis (5) and dementia (7). Thirty of these studies found either significant differences in omega-3 index between patients and controls or inverse relationships between omega-3 index and disease severity. The published evidence is compelling enough to suggest omega-3 index as a risk factor for some psychiatric diseases, specifically, major depression, postpartum depression, psychosis, and dementia. In occidental populations, we propose a risk threshold of (a) 4-5% in major depression and dementia, (b) 5% in postpartum depression, and (c) 4% for psychosis transition.
众多研究描述了ω-3指数（定义为红细胞中二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的百分比）与精神状况之间的关联，但目前尚未就风险分层或目标值达成共识。本叙述性综述旨在总结已发表的关于ω-3指数与精神疾病关联的数据，并为心理健康领域的ω-3指数概念做出贡献。已在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库中进行文献检索，以查找与该关联相关的英文原创研究。研究检索和筛选过程已在PRISMA流程中登记。本综述纳入了36项研究，这些研究考察了ω-3指数与产后抑郁症（3项）、重度抑郁症（15项）、重度抑郁症和双相情感障碍（1项）、双相情感障碍（4项）、精神分裂症和重度抑郁症（1项）、精神分裂症和其他精神病（5项）以及痴呆症（7项）之间的联系。其中30项研究发现患者与对照组之间的ω-3指数存在显著差异，或者ω-3指数与疾病严重程度呈负相关。已发表的证据足以表明ω-3指数是某些精神疾病的危险因素，特别是重度抑郁症、产后抑郁症、精神病和痴呆症。在西方人群中，我们提出以下风险阈值：（a）重度抑郁症和痴呆症为4 - 5%，（b）产后抑郁症为5%，（c）精神病转变为4%。
