Osborne Jahla B, Zhang Han, Carlson Madison, Shah Priti, Jonides John
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Jul 27;14:1173989. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1173989. eCollection 2023.
Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are generally distractible. Yet, the precise relationship between ADHD and distractibility remains under-specified in two respects. First, different sources of distraction, such as background noise or mind wandering, may not be equally associated with ADHD. Second, ADHD itself comprises a variety of symptoms that show considerable heterogeneity and it is unclear which ADHD symptoms are associated with which type of distraction.
The current study addresses these questions using one clinically evaluated sample ( = 69) and two large non-clinically evaluated samples ( = 569, = 651). In all samples, participants completed questionnaires about their susceptibility to external distraction, unwanted intrusive thoughts, spontaneous mind-wandering and ADHD symptomatology.
Traditional regression and novel network analyses revealed an overwhelming contribution of spontaneous mind-wandering in explaining ADHD symptoms, although external distraction and unwanted intrusive thoughts were also associated with a small number of ADHD symptoms.
Findings support a growing body of literature linking spontaneous mind-wandering and ADHD, and they highlight the heterogeneity in the association between ADHD symptoms and different sources of distraction.
患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的成年人通常容易分心。然而，ADHD与分心之间的确切关系在两个方面仍未得到充分明确。首先，不同的分心来源，如背景噪音或走神，可能与ADHD的关联并不相同。其次，ADHD本身包含多种症状，这些症状表现出相当大的异质性，目前尚不清楚哪些ADHD症状与哪种类型的分心相关。
本研究使用一个经过临床评估的样本（n = 69）和两个未经临床评估的大样本（n = 569，n = 651）来解决这些问题。在所有样本中，参与者完成了关于他们对外界分心、 unwanted intrusive thoughts、自发走神和ADHD症状学易感性的问卷调查。
传统回归分析和新颖的网络分析表明，尽管外界分心和unwanted intrusive thoughts也与少数ADHD症状相关，但自发走神在解释ADHD症状方面具有压倒性的作用。
研究结果支持了越来越多将自发走神与ADHD联系起来的文献，并且突出了ADHD症状与不同分心来源之间关联的异质性。
