Lecturer-Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Saveetha Medical College & Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Saveetha Medical College & Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Ethiop J Health Sci. 2023 May;33(3):523-532. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i3.16.
Accommodation and Vergence disorder are diverse visual anomalies which can interfere with a child's school performance and impair one's ability to function efficiently. Its association with refractive error and its intervention were studied less in Indian myopia children; hence, there is a need for research in such setting.
One hundred and fifty Indian adolescents aged 10 to 17 years were divided into three refractive error groups (high, moderate, and low myopia). Baseline vision examination and a comprehensive binocular vision assessment were performed on all eligible adolescents. Vision therapy was provided to participants whose parents gave consent on behalf of the children. Chi-square analysis was utilized to look at the association between the groups of refractive errors. To compare the mean constants of the experimental and control groups, a two-way RM ANOVA was performed.
The most common dysfunction found in low myopia (75.3%), and moderate myopia (54%) was convergence insufficiency. High myopes (62.8%) were found to have combined convergence and accommodative insufficiency followed by accommodative dysfunction (14%) and basic exophoria (6%). In moderate myopia, a significant relationship was found between this dysfunction and refractive error. The experimental group in the overall sample showed statistically significant improvement after vision therapy (P<0.001), in comparison to the control group.
Refractive error is linked to accommodative and convergence insufficiency. Thus, vergence and accommodative impairment must be tested for all myopic children, and vision therapy should be advised along with spectacle prescription for efficient binocular vision.
调节和聚散障碍是多种视觉异常，可干扰儿童的学业表现，并影响其高效功能。在印度近视儿童中，对其与屈光不正的相关性及其干预措施的研究较少；因此，在这种环境下需要进行研究。
将 150 名年龄在 10 至 17 岁的印度青少年分为三组（高度近视、中度近视和低度近视）。对所有符合条件的青少年进行基线视力检查和全面的双眼视觉评估。对同意代表孩子接受治疗的参与者提供视觉治疗。利用卡方分析来研究屈光不正组之间的关联。为了比较实验组和对照组的平均值常数，进行了双向 RM ANOVA。
低度近视（75.3%）和中度近视（54%）中最常见的功能障碍是集合不足。高度近视（62.8%）被发现患有集合和调节不足，其次是调节功能障碍（14%）和基本外斜视（6%）。在中度近视中，这种功能障碍与屈光不正之间存在显著关系。与对照组相比，整体样本中的实验组在视觉治疗后显示出统计学上的显著改善（P<0.001）。
屈光不正与调节和集合不足有关。因此，必须对所有近视儿童进行聚散和调节功能障碍测试，并建议在配镜处方的基础上进行视觉治疗，以获得高效的双眼视觉。
