Navarro Carla, Salazar Juan, Díaz María P, Chacin Maricarmen, Santeliz Raquel, Vera Ivana, D Marco Luis, Parra Heliana, Bernal Mary Carlota, Castro Ana, Escalona Daniel, García-Pacheco Henry, Bermúdez Valmore
Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela.
Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 18;9(8):e18239. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18239. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Longevity has been a topic of interest since the beginnings of humanity, yet its aetiology and precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Aging is currently viewed as a physiological phenomenon characterized by the gradual degeneration of organic physiology and morphology due to the passage of time where both external and internal stimuli intervene. The influence of intrinsic factors, such as progressive telomere shortening, genome instability due to mutation buildup, the direct or indirect actions of age-related genes, and marked changes in epigenetic, metabolic, and mitochondrial patterns constitute a big part of its underlying endogenous mechanisms. On the other hand, several psychosocial and demographic factors, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and drinking habits, may have an even more significant impact on shaping the aging process. Consequentially, implementing dietary and exercise patterns has been proposed as the most viable alternative strategy for attenuating the most typical degenerative aging changes, thus increasing the likelihood of prolonging lifespan and achieving successful aging.
自人类伊始，长寿就一直是人们感兴趣的话题，但其病因及确切机制仍有待阐明。目前，衰老被视为一种生理现象，其特征是由于时间的推移，在外部和内部刺激的干预下，机体生理和形态逐渐退化。内在因素的影响，如端粒逐渐缩短、因突变积累导致的基因组不稳定、与年龄相关基因的直接或间接作用，以及表观遗传、代谢和线粒体模式的显著变化，构成了其潜在内源性机制的很大一部分。另一方面，一些心理社会和人口统计学因素，如饮食、体育活动、吸烟和饮酒习惯，可能对塑造衰老过程产生更显著的影响。因此，有人提出实施饮食和运动模式是减轻最典型的退行性衰老变化的最可行替代策略，从而增加延长寿命和实现成功衰老的可能性。
