Rosic Nedeljka
Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia.
Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
Mar Drugs. 2025 Apr 11;23(4):165. doi: 10.3390/md23040165.
Aging is a natural process resulting in the progressive impairment of multiple functions in the human body, leading to a decline in cellular functionality and the development of aging-related diseases. External stress factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pollution, and toxin exposure, increase oxidative stress, damage cellular repair mechanisms, and speed up aging processes. With the rise in the world's aging population, there are enlarged demands for the use of sustainable natural products in food, nutrient supplements and cosmetics that can slow down aging and prolong healthy life and longevity. Algae, including both macroalgae and microalgae, have been recognised as a source of valuable proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals useful for human consumption and medical applications. With increasing demands for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical bioproducts from environmentally friendly resources, the biotechnological industry, over recent decades, has had to provide new, advanced solutions using modern high-throughput omics technologies. The application of proteomics in the area of discoveries of natural products with anti-aging properties has become more popular for wide industry applications. New proteomics profiling provides a better understanding of changes occurring in protein and peptide content, their structure, function and interactions, as well as the regulatory processes and molecular pathways. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been used for a wide range of applications including protein identification, characterisation, as well as quantification of proteins within the proteome and sub-proteome. The application of chemical proteomics facilitated the identification of natural products approach and included the synthesis of probes and target fishing, allowing the advanced identification of proteins of interest. This review focuses on marine macro- and microalgal anti-aging compounds and novel proteomics approaches, providing recent experimental evidence of their involvement in anti-aging processes that should facilitate their use in innovative approaches and sustainable biotechnological applications.
衰老乃自然进程，会导致人体多种功能逐渐受损，致使细胞功能衰退以及衰老相关疾病的发生。诸如紫外线辐射、污染和毒素暴露等外部应激因素会增加氧化应激，破坏细胞修复机制，并加速衰老进程。随着全球老龄化人口的增加，对食品、营养补充剂和化妆品中可延缓衰老、延长健康寿命和寿命的可持续天然产品的需求不断扩大。藻类，包括大型藻类和微藻类，已被公认为是对人类食用和医学应用有用的宝贵蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸、维生素和矿物质的来源。随着对来自环境友好资源的营养保健品和医药生物产品需求的增加，近几十年来，生物技术产业不得不使用现代高通量组学技术提供新的先进解决方案。蛋白质组学在具有抗衰老特性的天然产物发现领域的应用已在广泛的工业应用中变得更加流行。新的蛋白质组学分析能更好地理解蛋白质和肽含量、其结构、功能和相互作用以及调控过程和分子途径中发生的变化。基于质谱的蛋白质组学已被用于广泛的应用，包括蛋白质鉴定、表征以及蛋白质组和亚蛋白质组内蛋白质的定量。化学蛋白质组学的应用促进了天然产物方法的鉴定，包括探针的合成和靶标捕获，从而能够对感兴趣的蛋白质进行先进的鉴定。本综述聚焦于海洋大型和微型藻类的抗衰老化合物以及新型蛋白质组学方法，提供它们参与抗衰老过程的最新实验证据，这应有助于它们在创新方法和可持续生物技术应用中的使用。
