College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2023 Oct;32(10):1096-1103. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0250. Epub 2023 Aug 9.
Despite the widespread food insecurity in the United States, there is limited research investigating its prevalence among pregnant women and the potential impact it has on maternal and child health outcomes. This study examined trends in the prevalence of, and investigated risk factors for, food insecurity among peripartum women, using a nationally representative sample in the United States. This cross-sectional study included pregnant and postpartum women aged 18-49 years who reported being currently pregnant or pregnant in the past 12 months and who participated in the National Health Interview Survey from 2019 to 2021. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate associations with food insecurity. A total of 1,527 pregnant women, weighted to represent 5,588,192 women in the United States, were included in the analysis. Overall, from 2019 to 2021, 10.8% of peripartum women were food insecure. The prevalence of food insecurity changed substantially between 2019 and 2021 (2019: 10.6% confidence interval [95% CI: 8.7-13.5], 2020: 16.0% [95% CI: 10.9-22.8], 2021: 6.2% [95% CI: 4.2-9.1]). The adjusted odds of food insecurity were significantly higher among pregnant and postpartum women in 2020 (aOR 2.15), who had a health insurance coverage (aOR 2.98) and who had an unmet health care need in the preceding 12 months (aOR 6.52). We found that food insecurity was common among peripartum women between 2019 and 2021 and was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying the factors that predispose peripartum women to the risk of food insecurity can guide the development and implementation of targeted interventions aimed at reducing the adverse impact of food insecurity on perinatal and infant health.
尽管美国普遍存在粮食不安全问题，但对孕妇粮食不安全的流行程度及其对母婴健康结果的潜在影响的研究有限。本研究使用美国全国代表性样本，调查了围产期妇女粮食不安全的流行趋势，并探讨了其危险因素。本横断面研究纳入了年龄在 18-49 岁之间、报告目前怀孕或过去 12 个月内怀孕且参加了 2019 年至 2021 年全国健康访谈调查的孕妇和产后妇女。采用加权多变量逻辑回归分析来估计与粮食不安全相关的因素。共有 1527 名孕妇，经加权处理后代表美国 5588192 名妇女，纳入分析。总体而言，2019 年至 2021 年期间，10.8%的围产期妇女粮食不安全。2019 年至 2021 年间，粮食不安全的患病率发生了显著变化（2019 年：95%置信区间 [95%CI]：8.7-13.5；2020 年：16.0% [95%CI：10.9-22.8]；2021 年：6.2% [95%CI：4.2-9.1]）。2020 年，怀孕和产后妇女（调整后的优势比 [aOR]：2.15）、有医疗保险（aOR：2.98）和在过去 12 个月中有未满足的医疗需求（aOR：6.52）的妇女，其粮食不安全的调整后比值比显著更高。我们发现，2019 年至 2021 年间，围产期妇女中粮食不安全现象较为普遍，且由于 COVID-19 大流行而加剧。确定使围产期妇女面临粮食不安全风险的因素，可以指导制定和实施有针对性的干预措施，以减少粮食不安全对围产期和婴儿健康的不利影响。
