Effect of androgen and estrogen treatment on hamster liver and kidney estrogen 2-/4-hydroxylase activity.

The activity of microsomal estrogen 2-/4-hydroxylase enzyme (ESH), which mediates the formation of catechol estrogens, was determined in the hamster kidney and liver under different endocrine states and after treatment with diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone alone or in combination. Our results indicate that at least 64% of the renal ESH activity is localized in the kidney cortex. Employing either estrone or 17 beta-estradiol as substrate, a significant decline in renal ESH activity was observed after castration, with estrone remaining the more active substrate. In contrast, hepatic ESH activity, which is about 2.0- to 2.5-fold higher than the kidney enzyme, was not altered after gonadectomy using either estrogen substrate. A further reduction in renal ESH activity was found in DES-treated castrated hamsters when estrone was used. Androgen treatment resulted in a nearly 2-fold increase in kidney ESH activity using either estrogen substrate. Animals treated concomitantly with DES and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone exhibited catechol estrogen formation similar to untreated castrate hamster kidney microsomes. In contrast, hamster liver ESH activity was unaffected by androgen treatment. HPLC profiles of the catechol estrogen monomethyl ethers confirm these changes. Hamster kidney ESH activity in females was only 5-7% of that in intact males. Ovariectomy resulted in a 3-fold increase in the activity of this microsomal enzyme with either estrogen substrate. ESH activity was substantially increased in uteri of intact animals after androgen treatment. These data clearly demonstrate that ESH activity is under androgen control, particularly in the hamster kidney of both sexes, and may be pertinent in understanding the antagonism of this hormone in estrogen-induced renal tumorigenesis.