Yan Ting, Zhang Tao, Wang Shunli, Andrea Kruse, Peng Hua, Yuan Haihang, Zhu Zhiping
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Waste Manag. 2023 Oct 1;170:154-165. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.009. Epub 2023 Aug 13.
High lipid, high nitrogen duck manure (DM) with high lipid, high lignocellulosic litter materials (LM) are the main wet biomass wastes from duck farms and both are naturally abundant carbon resources. The synthesis of duck farming biomass waste into carbon-rich materials for high value utilization by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), which can directly treat wet biomass, has not been investigated. In this study, the physicochemical properties of hydrochar derived from co-HTC of DM and LM and its carbon and energy recovery patterns were systematically investigated under multivariate conditions of raw materials ratios, solids contents, temperatures and residence times. The application of synchrotron-based near-edge X-ray adsorption fine structure technique (C K-edge NEXAFS) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to the hydrochar and hydrothermal liquid, respectively. At multiple interfaces provided an in-depth analysis of the important material transformations of the co-HTC process and the structure of the hydrochar. Extending residence time (180 min) and increasing LM ratio (M@4%) in co-HTC reaction of DM and LM is beneficial to achieve hydrochar containing higher carbon content (44.84%) at lower reaction temperatures (180 °C). The heating value (HHV) of the hydrochar ranges between 17.12 and 25.05 MJ/kg. The carbon recovery rate of the co-HTC of DM and LM all exceeded 55% and was more closely related to the carbon content of the hydrochar than to its yield. Additionally, the model ERR=0.97±0.01CRR+2.40±0.71 (R = 0.99, P < 0.01) was developed to predict energy recovery rate (ERR) based on carbon recovery rate (CRR). Esters were an important intermediate during co-HTC of DM and LM, and the derived hydrochar consisted of a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes and N-aromatic heterocycles as well as polyfuran, pyrrole and pyridine structures.
高脂、高氮的鸭粪（DM）以及高脂、高木质纤维素的垫料材料（LM）是鸭场主要的湿生物质废弃物，二者均为天然丰富的碳资源。通过水热碳化（HTC）将鸭养殖生物质废弃物合成富碳材料以实现高价值利用，这种方法可直接处理湿生物质，但尚未得到研究。在本研究中，在原料比例、固体含量、温度和停留时间等多变量条件下，系统研究了DM和LM共水热碳化得到的水炭的物理化学性质及其碳和能量回收模式。将基于同步加速器的近边X射线吸收精细结构技术（C K边NEXAFS）与气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）分别应用于水炭和热液。在多个界面上对共水热碳化过程的重要物质转化和水炭结构进行了深入分析。在DM和LM的共水热碳化反应中延长停留时间（180分钟）并增加LM比例（M@4%）有利于在较低反应温度（180℃）下获得碳含量较高（44.84%）的水炭。水炭的高热值（HHV）在17.12至25.05 MJ/kg之间。DM和LM共水热碳化的碳回收率均超过55%，且与水炭的碳含量比与其产率的关系更为密切。此外，还建立了模型ERR = 0.97±0.01CRR + 2.40±0.71（R = 0.99，P < 0.01），用于基于碳回收率（CRR）预测能量回收率（ERR）。酯类是DM和LM共水热碳化过程中的重要中间体，所得水炭由多种多环芳烃、烷烃和N - 芳族杂环以及聚呋喃、吡咯和吡啶结构组成。
