Shu Zhi-Jun, Zhang Quan-Yi, Xu Yi-Peng, Zhao Zheng-Yu
School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2023 Aug 25;75(4):569-574.
Sleep is an extremely important physiological state to maintain human life. Sleep disorders can not only cause anxiety and depression, but also induce multi-system diseases that seriously affect brain function and physical health. The neuroinflammation is a key pathological process after sleep disorders, which can induce a series of nervous system diseases. In recent years, the role of microglia activation in neuroinflammation has been paid more and more attention and become a research hotspot in this field. The imbalance of the central microenvironment after sleep disorders leads to changes in the activation and polarization of microglia, which triggers neuroinflammatory response. The activation and polarization of microglia in the sleep disorders are regulated by multiple signaling pathways and complex molecular mechanisms. This paper summarizes five signaling pathways of microglia activation in central inflammation induced by sleep disorders, including P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), p38MAPK, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) pathways, in order to provide reference for further research and clinical treatment targets selection of sleep disorders.
睡眠是维持人类生命极其重要的生理状态。睡眠障碍不仅会引发焦虑和抑郁，还会诱发严重影响脑功能和身体健康的多系统疾病。神经炎症是睡眠障碍后的关键病理过程，可诱发一系列神经系统疾病。近年来，小胶质细胞激活在神经炎症中的作用越来越受到关注，并成为该领域的研究热点。睡眠障碍后中枢微环境失衡导致小胶质细胞激活和极化发生变化，进而引发神经炎症反应。睡眠障碍中小胶质细胞的激活和极化受多种信号通路和复杂分子机制调控。本文总结了睡眠障碍诱导的中枢炎症中小胶质细胞激活的五条信号通路，包括P2X7受体（P2X7R）、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）、Toll样受体4（TLR4）/核因子κB（NF-κB）、Janus激酶/信号转导子和转录激活子（JAK/STAT）以及α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（α7-nAChR）通路，以便为睡眠障碍的进一步研究及临床治疗靶点选择提供参考。
