Mohanta Sandipan, Saha Madhumita, Venkatesh B Prasanna, Agarwalla Bijay Kumar
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India.
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India.
Phys Rev E. 2023 Jul;108(1-1):014118. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.108.014118.
For a four-stroke asymmetrically driven quantum Otto engine with working medium modeled by a single qubit, we study the bounds on nonequilibrium fluctuations of work and heat. We find strict relations between the fluctuations of work and individual heat for hot and cold reservoirs in arbitrary operational regimes. Focusing on the engine regime, we show that the ratio of nonequilibrium fluctuations of output work to input heat from the hot reservoir is both upper and lower bounded. As a consequence, we establish a hierarchical relation between the relative fluctuations of work and heat for both cold and hot reservoirs and further make a connection with the thermodynamic uncertainty relations. We discuss the fate of these bounds also in the refrigerator regime. The reported bounds, for such asymmetrically driven engines, emerge once both the time-forward and the corresponding reverse cycles of the engine are considered on an equal footing. We also extend our study and report bounds for a parametrically driven harmonic oscillator Otto engine.
对于一个以单个量子比特为工作介质的四冲程非对称驱动量子奥托发动机，我们研究了功和热的非平衡涨落的界限。我们发现了在任意运行状态下，热库和冷库的功涨落与单个热量涨落之间的严格关系。聚焦于发动机状态，我们表明输出功的非平衡涨落与来自热库的输入热的比值存在上下界。因此，我们建立了冷库和热库的功和热的相对涨落之间的层级关系，并进一步与热力学不确定性关系建立联系。我们还讨论了这些界限在制冷机状态下的情况。对于这种非对称驱动的发动机，一旦在同等基础上考虑发动机的正向时间循环和相应的反向循环，所报道的界限就会出现。我们还扩展了研究并报道了参数驱动的谐振子奥托发动机的界限。
