Tergus Pharma, Durham, NC 27703, USA.
Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2023;40(6):1-87. doi: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2023042979.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathophysiology. Treatment of AD remains challenging owing to the presence of a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes and limited response to existing therapies. However, recent genetic, immunological, and pathophysiological insights into the disease mechanism resulted in the invention of novel therapeutic drug candidates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current therapies and assesses various novel drug delivery strategies currently under clinical investigation. Further, this review majorly emphasizes on various topical treatments including emollient therapies, barrier repair agents, topical corticosteroids (TCS), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway inhibitors. It also discusses biological and systemic therapies, upcoming treatments based on ongoing clinical trials. Additionally, this review scrutinized the use of pharmaceutical inactive ingredients in the approved topical dosage forms for AD treatment.
特应性皮炎（AD）是一种慢性、复发性炎症性皮肤病，其发病机制复杂。由于存在广泛的临床表型和对现有治疗方法的反应有限，AD 的治疗仍然具有挑战性。然而，近年来对疾病机制的遗传、免疫学和病理生理学的深入了解，导致了新型治疗药物候选物的发明。本综述全面概述了当前的治疗方法，并评估了目前正在临床研究中的各种新型药物输送策略。此外，本综述主要强调了各种局部治疗方法，包括保湿剂疗法、屏障修复剂、局部皮质类固醇（TCS）、磷酸二酯酶 4（PDE4）抑制剂、钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂和 Janus 激酶（JAK）-信号转导和转录激活因子（STAT）途径抑制剂。它还讨论了生物和系统疗法，以及基于正在进行的临床试验的新治疗方法。此外，本综述还仔细研究了批准的 AD 治疗局部剂型中药物辅料的使用。
