Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India; Department of Botany, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnagar 741101, West Bengal, India; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2023;25(7):13-23. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023048522.
Macrocybe lobayensis owe popularity in several traditional cultures not only for delectable taste but also for its nutraceutical profile conveying great health benefits. Previous investigations have enumerated several bioactivities of the valuable mushroom such as antioxidant, anti-ageing, immune-modulation, and anti-tumor properties where polysaccharides played the key role. Macrofungi polymers are generally isolated by the conventional hot water process discarding the residue which still contains plenty of therapeutic components. The present study thus aimed to re-use such leftover of the edible macrofungus by immersing it in NaOH solution at high temperature supporting circular economy. Consequently a polysaccharide fraction, namely ML-HAP, was isolated that was found to be consisted of a homogenous heteropolysaccharide with molecular weight of ~ 128 kDa and β-glucan as the chief ingredient as evident by spectroscopy, gel-permeation chromatography, high performance thin-layer chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared. Antioxidant activity assays revealed that the macromolecules possess good radical scavenging, metal ion binding and reducing power. Nevertheless, strong immune-potentiation was also recorded as the extract triggered murine macrophage cell viability, pinocytosis, nitric oxide production and morpho-dynamics within 24 h where the best effect was executed at the level of 100 µg/mL. Altogether, the polysaccharides extracted from M. lobayensis exhibited a potent application prospect in functional food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and health care industries that could raise economic value of the underexplored mushroom.
巨大口蘑在几种传统文化中广受欢迎，不仅因为其美味，还因为它具有营养特性，能带来诸多健康益处。先前的研究已经列举了这种有价值的蘑菇的几种生物活性，如抗氧化、抗老化、免疫调节和抗肿瘤特性，其中多糖起着关键作用。大型真菌聚合物通常通过常规的热水法进行分离，将残渣丢弃，而残渣中仍含有大量的治疗成分。因此，本研究旨在通过将剩余的可食用大型真菌浸泡在高温的 NaOH 溶液中重新利用这种剩余物，以支持循环经济。因此，分离出了一种多糖级分，即 ML-HAP，它被发现是由均一的杂多糖组成，分子量约为 128 kDa，β-葡聚糖是主要成分，这可以通过光谱、凝胶渗透色谱、高效薄层色谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱来证明。抗氧化活性测定表明，这些大分子具有良好的自由基清除、金属离子结合和还原能力。然而，也记录到了强烈的免疫增强作用，因为提取物在 24 小时内触发了小鼠巨噬细胞的活力、吞噬作用、一氧化氮产生和形态动力学，在 100 µg/mL 的水平上效果最佳。总的来说，从巨大口蘑中提取的多糖在功能性食品、制药、营养保健品和保健行业具有潜在的应用前景，可以提高这种未充分开发的蘑菇的经济价值。
