Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece.
Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2023;23(17):1889-1909. doi: 10.2174/1871520623666230816090229.
Intermittent fasting (IF) diets have been popular since the last few decades because of their provable clinical efficiency on weight control of the subjects. These diet types are generally safe, resulting in health promoting effects against several human diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neurogenerative disorders and cancer.
To review whether IF can act against cancer development and progression, highlighting potential anticancer molecular mechanisms in clinical studies.
Applied summarization of the available clinical studies investigating the effectiveness of IF against cancer development and progression and cancer-induced indicators. Scientific databases, , PubMed, and Scopus, were comprehensively searched using relative words to identify and in vitro data, as well as clinical studies.
IF seems to exert health-promoting effects in cancer patients through induction of autophagy, which enhances the suppression of tumor development, by chemotherapy. IF provokes tumors to chemotherapy and defends the normal cells from its adverse side effects, increasing the immune response. In addition, it enhances the cytotoxic CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the bone marrow lymphoid progenitor cells, delaying the cancer progression. IF reduces oxidative stress repression of translation and induces cellular apoptosis. Fasting exerts anti-aging properties modulating the secretion of IGF-1, IGFBP-1, glucose, and insulin while, at the same time, it integrates cell adaptive responses and activates cell signaling pathways which stimulates antioxidant defenses, DNA repairment, control of protein quality, mitochondrial synthesis while decreasing inflammation.
IF appears to exert health promoting effects against cancer development and progression, suppressing several kinds of cancer. There are well-recognized and not well-recognized molecular processes accentuating its anticancer outcomes; however, well-designed clinical trials and further molecular studies are strongly recommended.
间歇性禁食（IF）饮食在过去几十年中变得流行，因为它们在控制受试者体重方面具有可证明的临床效果。这些饮食类型通常是安全的，对多种人类疾病（如心血管疾病、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和癌症）具有促进健康的作用。
综述 IF 是否可以对抗癌症的发生和发展，强调临床研究中潜在的抗癌分子机制。
综合应用现有临床研究，评估 IF 对癌症发展和进展及癌症诱导指标的影响。综合使用相对术语在科学数据库、PubMed 和 Scopus 中搜索，以识别和体外数据以及临床研究。
IF 通过诱导自噬似乎对癌症患者发挥健康促进作用，增强化疗抑制肿瘤发展的作用。IF 促使肿瘤对化疗敏感，并保护正常细胞免受其不良反应，增强免疫反应。此外，它增强了细胞毒性 CD8(+)肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞和骨髓淋巴祖细胞，从而延缓癌症进展。IF 减少氧化应激，抑制翻译并诱导细胞凋亡。禁食通过调节 IGF-1、IGFBP-1、葡萄糖和胰岛素的分泌来发挥抗衰老作用，同时整合细胞适应性反应并激活细胞信号通路，刺激抗氧化防御、DNA 修复、蛋白质质量控制、线粒体合成，同时减少炎症。
IF 似乎对癌症的发生和发展具有促进健康的作用，抑制多种癌症。有公认的和未被公认的分子过程强调其抗癌效果；然而，强烈建议进行精心设计的临床试验和进一步的分子研究。
