O'Connor Lisa, Carbone Stephanie, Gobbo Anthony, Gamble Hilary, Faraone Stephen V
Department of Psychiatry, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2023 Jul-Dec;16(9):799-812. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2249414. Epub 2023 Aug 22.
Pediatric attention-deficit disorder (ADHD) impacts a significant percentage of the population world-wide. Pharmacologic treatments have been shown to be safe and effective for managing symptoms. Various medication formulations exist, and new medication agents are continually approved each year.
This article offers an overview of ADHD, an overview of both stimulant and non-stimulant medication options as well as an overview of stimulant misuse. It explores the medication mechanisms of action and side effect profiles, as well as offering an in-depth summary of the novel agents recently approved and soon-to-be approved for use in youth. PubMed and Medline were utilized. Search terms included children, adolescents, ADHD, and medication. FDA package inserts were reviewed for all medications.
New formulations of medications include an evening administered, extended, and delayed-release form of methylphenidate (DR/ER MPH), a methylphenidate pro-drug (serdexmethylphenidate) and an amphetamine patch. The availability of a new SNRI (selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor), viloxazine extended-release (VER), and the pending approval of a triple reuptake inhibitor (centanafadine) provides welcome additions to the prescriber's toolbox.
儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在全球相当大比例的人口中存在。药物治疗已被证明对控制症状安全有效。有多种药物剂型，且每年都有新的药物制剂获批。
本文概述了ADHD，介绍了兴奋剂和非兴奋剂药物选择，以及兴奋剂滥用情况。探讨了药物作用机制和副作用概况，还深入总结了近期获批及即将获批用于青少年的新型药物。使用了PubMed和Medline数据库。检索词包括儿童、青少年、ADHD和药物。对所有药物的美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）包装说明书进行了审查。
新的药物剂型包括晚上服用的、长效和缓释的哌甲酯（DR/ER MPH）、一种哌甲酯前体药物（舍曲美他嗪）和一种苯丙胺贴片。新型选择性去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂（SNRI）维洛沙嗪缓释剂（VER）的上市，以及三重再摄取抑制剂（森他法新）即将获批，为开处方者提供了新的选择。
