Howard Janet A, Gibson Mhairi A
Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK.
Evol Hum Sci. 2022 Dec 19;5:e6. doi: 10.1017/ehs.2022.58. eCollection 2023.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to physical, sexual and psychological violence. Here an evolutionary approach is used to compare risk factors for male-to-female IPV perpetration, analysing physical and sexual IPV separately. Two hypotheses based on sexual conflict theory have been applied to IPV perpetration, but they remain largely untested using empirical data: (a) men perpetrate IPV in response to a perceived threat to their paternity certainty; and (b) IPV is caused by men pursuing a higher fertility optima than their partners, either within marriage (reproductive coercion) or outside marriage (paternal disinvestment). Demographic Health Survey data from couples in 12 sub-Saharan African countries ( = 25,577) were used to test these evolutionary hypotheses, using multilevel models and controlling for potential social and environmental confounds. The results show that evolutionary theory provides important insight into different risk factors by IPV type. Indicators of paternity concern are associated with an increased risk of both physical and sexual IPV, indicators of paternal disinvestment are associated with an increased risk of physical IPV only, while reproductive coercion is not associated with either IPV type. The risk factors identified here correspond with proximate-level explanations for IPV perpetration, but an evolutionary interpretation explains why these particular factors may motivate IPV in certain contexts.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是指身体暴力、性暴力和心理暴力。本文采用一种进化方法来比较男性对女性实施亲密伴侣暴力的风险因素，并分别分析身体暴力和性暴力。基于性冲突理论的两个假设已被应用于亲密伴侣暴力行为，但在很大程度上仍未通过实证数据进行检验：（a）男性实施亲密伴侣暴力是为了应对其亲子关系确定性受到的感知威胁；（b）亲密伴侣暴力是由男性追求比其伴侣更高的生育最优状态所导致的，无论是在婚姻内（生殖胁迫）还是婚姻外（父方投资减少）。利用来自撒哈拉以南非洲12个国家的夫妻的人口健康调查数据（n = 25577），通过多层模型并控制潜在的社会和环境混杂因素来检验这些进化假设。结果表明，进化理论为按亲密伴侣暴力类型划分的不同风险因素提供了重要见解。亲子关系担忧指标与身体暴力和性暴力的风险增加相关，父方投资减少指标仅与身体暴力的风险增加相关，而生殖胁迫与这两种亲密伴侣暴力类型均无关。此处确定的风险因素与亲密伴侣暴力行为的近因层面解释相符，但进化解释说明了为什么这些特定因素可能在某些情况下促使亲密伴侣暴力行为的发生。
