National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Scand J Public Health. 2024 Nov;52(7):793-799. doi: 10.1177/14034948231185942. Epub 2023 Aug 17.
To investigate whether acts of offensive behaviour (threats, violence, workplace bullying and sexual harassment) in the workplace and type of perpetrator (internal or external to the workplace) of the offensive behaviours predicted risk of disability pension in Danish eldercare workers.
We merged survey responses from 8731 female eldercare workers with a national register on social transfer payments (Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalisation (DREAM)), including all types of disability benefits. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we investigated the prospective association between self-reported exposures at baseline and the risk of receiving disability pension (any type of disability benefit payment) during 11 years of follow-up, while adjusting for potential confounders.
Self-reported exposure to threats (hazard ratio (HR) 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.32), violence (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.00-1.35) and bullying (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.22-1.71) predicted increased risk of disability pension during follow-up, when adjusted for age and educational attainment. When further adjusted for psychosocial working conditions only bullying remained a statistically significant (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.16-1.67) predictor of disability pension. The results indicated no elevated risk for participants reporting sexual harassment. Moreover, we observed stronger associations between self-reported exposure to threats, violence and workplace bullying and risk of disability pension when the perpetrator was internal to the workplace (i.e. colleagues, managers and/or subordinates), than when the perpetrator was reported to be external to the workplace (i.e. service users, and/or relatives of service users).
Results indicate that prevention of work-related exposure to threats, violence and workplace bullying may contribute to reduce involuntary early retirement in female eldercare workers.
调查工作场所中的冒犯行为（威胁、暴力、工作场所欺凌和性骚扰）以及冒犯行为的实施者（工作场所内外）是否会预测丹麦老年护理工作者的残疾养老金风险。
我们将 8731 名女性老年护理工作者的调查回复与丹麦评价边缘化登记处（丹麦边缘化登记处（DREAM））中的社会转移支付国家登记册进行了合并，其中包括所有类型的残疾福利。使用 Cox 比例风险模型，我们在 11 年的随访期间，调查了基线时自我报告的暴露与残疾养老金（任何类型的残疾福利支付）风险之间的前瞻性关联，同时调整了潜在的混杂因素。
报告受到威胁（危险比（HR）1.14；95%置信区间（CI）1.00-1.32）、暴力（HR 1.16；95% CI 1.00-1.35）和欺凌（HR 1.44；95% CI 1.22-1.71）的自我报告与随访期间残疾养老金风险增加相关，调整年龄和教育程度后仍然如此。当进一步仅调整心理社会工作条件时，只有欺凌仍然是残疾养老金的统计学显著预测因子（HR 1.39；95% CI 1.16-1.67）。结果表明，报告性骚扰的参与者没有更高的风险。此外，当施害者来自工作场所内部（即同事、经理和/或下属）时，与报告的施害者来自工作场所外部（即服务用户，和/或服务用户的亲属）相比，自我报告的受到威胁、暴力和工作场所欺凌的暴露与残疾养老金风险之间存在更强的关联。
结果表明，预防与工作相关的受到威胁、暴力和工作场所欺凌的暴露可能有助于减少女性老年护理工作者的非自愿提前退休。
