Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 17;18(8):e0287509. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287509. eCollection 2023.
The association between a measure of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and profession as well as gender in a sample of health care workers (HCW) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany using the egePan-Voice study. In addition, we examined, which factors are associated with an effort-reward imbalance ratio (ERI ratio) >1.
In a large sample of HCW (N = 6174) we assessed occupational stress with the short version of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, working conditions, COVID-19-related problems and psychosocial resources (ENRICHD Social Support Inventory, ESSI; Sense of Coherence Scale, SOC-3 and optimism, SOP2).
The prevalence of a ERI ratio >1 among HCW was 50.9%. The prevalence's of an ERI ratio >1 were statistically significant different between gender as well as the occupational profession. The proportion of women (51.8%) with ERI ratio >1 was significantly higher than among men (47.8%). The highest ERI imbalance was found among nurses (62.8%), followed by medical technical assistants (MTA) (58.8%), while psychologists/psychotherapists revealed the lowest value (37.8%), followed by physicians (41.8%). In the total sample, most essential factors reported at this time for increased ERI ratio were: insufficient staff for the current work load, insufficient recovery, feeling insufficiently protected by measures taken by the hospital/the employer, high occupancy rate of the wards, insufficient trust in colleagues and being a nurse as compared with being a physician.
The findings indicate a high proportion of HCW with effort-reward imbalance and substantial profession-related differences. Preventive interventions should be offered to vulnerable groups among the HCW to decrease the imbalance measured by work stress.
利用 egePan-Voice 研究，在德国 COVID-19 大流行的第一波期间，对卫生保健工作者（HCW）样本中的努力-回报失衡（ERI）衡量标准与职业和性别进行关联分析。此外，我们还研究了哪些因素与努力-回报失衡比（ERI 比）>1 相关。
在 HCW 的大样本中（N=6174），我们使用努力-回报失衡（ERI）问卷的简短版本评估职业压力、工作条件、与 COVID-19 相关的问题和心理社会资源（ENRICHD 社会支持量表，ESSI；心理韧性量表，SOC-3 和乐观主义，SOP2）。
HCW 中 ERI 比>1 的患病率为 50.9%。ERI 比>1 的患病率在性别和职业方面存在统计学显著差异。女性（51.8%）的 ERI 比>1 的比例明显高于男性（47.8%）。护士的 ERI 失衡程度最高（62.8%），其次是医疗技术助理（MTA）（58.8%），而心理学家/心理治疗师的失衡程度最低（37.8%），其次是医生（41.8%）。在总样本中，当时报告的导致 ERI 比增加的最重要因素是：当前工作量的人手不足、恢复不足、对医院/雇主采取的措施感到保护不足、病房入住率高、对同事的信任不足以及作为护士与作为医生相比。
研究结果表明，HCW 中存在很大比例的努力-回报失衡，且存在显著的职业相关差异。应向 HCW 中的弱势群体提供预防干预措施，以减少工作压力导致的失衡。
