National Capital Consortium Family Medicine Residency Program, A.T. Augusta Military Medical Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
Saint Louis University (Southwest Illinois) Family Medicine Residency Program, Scott Air Force Base/O'Fallon, Illinois; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
Am Fam Physician. 2023 Aug;108(2):181-188.
Childhood speech and language concerns are commonly encountered in the primary care setting. Family physicians are integral in the identification and initial evaluation of children with speech and language delays. Parental concerns and observations and milestone assessment aid in the identification of speech and language abnormalities. Concerning presentations at 24 months or older include speaking fewer than 50 words, incomprehensible speech, and notable speech and language deficits on age-specific testing. Validated screening tools that rely on parental reporting can serve as practical adjuncts during clinic evaluation. Early referral for additional evaluation can mitigate the development of long-term communication disorders and adverse effects on social and academic development. All children who have concerns for speech and language delays should be referred to speech language pathology and audiology for diagnostic and management purposes. Parents and caretakers may also self-refer to early intervention programs for evaluation and management of speech and language concerns in children younger than three years.
儿童言语和语言问题在基层医疗机构中较为常见。家庭医生在识别和初步评估言语和语言迟缓的儿童方面发挥着重要作用。家长的关注、观察和里程碑评估有助于识别言语和语言异常。在 24 个月或以上出现的相关表现包括：说话少于 50 个单词、言语难以理解、以及在特定年龄的测试中表现出明显的言语和语言缺陷。基于家长报告的有效筛查工具可作为临床评估的实用辅助手段。早期转介以进行进一步评估可以减轻长期沟通障碍的发展，并减少对社交和学业发展的不利影响。所有有言语和语言迟缓担忧的儿童都应转介至言语语言病理学和听力学，以进行诊断和管理。有言语和语言问题的三岁以下儿童的家长和看护者也可以自行转介至早期干预项目，以接受评估和管理。
