Department of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023 Sep;239:104006. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104006. Epub 2023 Aug 15.
While current models of mindfulness propose benefits to the executive functions of inhibition, updating and shifting through mindful breathing meditations, empirical findings on the effects of short mindful breathing meditations are inconclusive regarding their specificity and dose-response relations. Therefore, we compared short mindful breathing meditations (Experiment 1, 45 min over three sessions; Experiment 2, 80 min over four sessions) with relaxation trainings (progressive muscle relaxation; active control) and listening to podcasts (passive control) in two randomized controlled double-blinded trials. Reaction time tasks were used to assess the executive functions of updating (N-Back), inhibition (CPT-II), and shifting (Number-Letter Task). Results of both experiments suggest no mindfulness-specific improvements in executive functions. We conclude that effects following the first stages of mindfulness training may not be specific to the practice or too transient to be reliably measured in pre-post intervention designs. Implications for research in the field are discussed.
虽然当前的正念模式提出了通过正念呼吸冥想对抑制、更新和转换的执行功能有益，但关于短期正念呼吸冥想对其特异性和剂量反应关系的影响的实证研究结果尚无定论。因此，我们在两项随机对照双盲试验中，将短期正念呼吸冥想（实验 1，3 次，每次 45 分钟；实验 2，4 次，每次 80 分钟）与放松训练（渐进性肌肉放松；主动对照）和听播客（被动对照）进行了比较。使用反应时间任务来评估更新（N-Back）、抑制（CPT-II）和转换（数字字母任务）的执行功能。这两个实验的结果都表明，正念呼吸冥想在执行功能方面没有特异性的提高。我们的结论是，正念训练的第一阶段之后的效果可能不是特定于实践的，或者在干预前后的设计中太短暂而无法可靠测量。对该领域研究的启示进行了讨论。
