正念冥想训练与执行控制网络静息态功能连接：一项随机对照试验。
Mindfulness Meditation Training and Executive Control Network Resting State Functional Connectivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者信息
Taren Adrienne A, Gianaros Peter J, Greco Carol M, Lindsay Emily K, Fairgrieve April, Brown Kirk Warren, Rosen Rhonda K, Ferris Jennifer L, Julson Erica, Marsland Anna L, Creswell J David
机构信息
From the Center for Neuroscience (Taren), University of Pittsburgh; Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (Taren, Lindsay, Fairgrieve, Ferris, Creswell), Carnegie Mellon University; Department of Psychiatry (Greco), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology (Brown), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (Gianaros, Rosen, Marsland), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and California State University (Julson), Los Angeles, California.
出版信息
Psychosom Med. 2017 Jul/Aug;79(6):674-683. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000466.
OBJECTIVE
Mindfulness meditation training has been previously shown to enhance behavioral measures of executive control (e.g., attention, working memory, cognitive control), but the neural mechanisms underlying these improvements are largely unknown. Here, we test whether mindfulness training interventions foster executive control by strengthening functional connections between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)-a hub of the executive control network-and frontoparietal regions that coordinate executive function.
METHODS
Thirty-five adults with elevated levels of psychological distress participated in a 3-day randomized controlled trial of intensive mindfulness meditation or relaxation training. Participants completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan before and after the intervention. We tested whether mindfulness meditation training increased resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between dlPFC and frontoparietal control network regions.
RESULTS
Left dlPFC showed increased connectivity to the right inferior frontal gyrus (T = 3.74), right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) (T = 3.98), right supplementary eye field (T = 4.29), right parietal cortex (T = 4.44), and left middle temporal gyrus (T = 3.97, all p < .05) after mindfulness training relative to the relaxation control. Right dlPFC showed increased connectivity to right MFG (T = 4.97, p < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
We report that mindfulness training increases rsFC between dlPFC and dorsal network (superior parietal lobule, supplementary eye field, MFG) and ventral network (right IFG, middle temporal/angular gyrus) regions. These findings extend previous work showing increased functional connectivity among brain regions associated with executive function during active meditation by identifying specific neural circuits in which rsFC is enhanced by a mindfulness intervention in individuals with high levels of psychological distress.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov,NCT01628809.
目的
之前的研究表明，正念冥想训练可增强执行控制的行为指标（如注意力、工作记忆、认知控制），但这些改善背后的神经机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。在此，我们测试正念训练干预是否通过加强背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）——执行控制网络的枢纽——与协调执行功能的额顶叶区域之间的功能连接来促进执行控制。
方法
35名心理困扰水平较高的成年人参加了一项为期3天的强化正念冥想或放松训练的随机对照试验。参与者在干预前后完成了静息态功能磁共振成像扫描。我们测试了正念冥想训练是否增加了dlPFC与额顶叶控制网络区域之间的静息态功能连接（rsFC）。
结果
与放松对照组相比，正念训练后，左侧dlPFC与右侧额下回（T = 3.74）、右侧额中回（MFG）（T = 3.98）、右侧辅助眼区（T = 4.29）、右侧顶叶皮层（T = 4.44）和左侧颞中回（T = 3.97，均p <.05）之间的连接性增加。右侧dlPFC与右侧MFG之间的连接性增加（T = 4.97，p <.05）。
结论
我们报告正念训练增加了dlPFC与背侧网络（顶上小叶、辅助眼区、MFG）和腹侧网络（右侧IFG、颞中/角回）区域之间的rsFC。这些发现扩展了之前工作显示的在主动冥想期间与执行功能相关的脑区之间功能连接增加的研究，通过识别在心理困扰水平较高的个体中通过正念干预增强rsFC的特定神经回路。
临床试验注册
Clinicaltrials.gov，NCT01628809。
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