Effect of excitation frequency on dissipation behavior of vibrated granular balls.

The dissipation behavior of granular balls in a quasi-2D vertically oscillating closed container is studied by the discrete element method with varying excitation frequencies in this work. Combining the dynamic behavior with dissipation effect of vibrated granular balls, the optimal damping effect of the phase transition critical stage between granular density inversion and granular Leidenfrost effect that involves four high damping granular phases (HDGPs) is revealed. Moreover, the high damping granular phases near and away from this phase transition critical stage are compared and analyzed further, which indicates the universal dynamic behavior of dense granular clusters playing the optimal damping effect. Finally, the optimal damping mechanism of granular balls in the quasi-2D closed container is clarified. Damping properties and motion states of partic.