Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
Nutrition. 2023 Oct;114:112166. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112166. Epub 2023 Jul 19.
This study aimed to assess adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MDiet) in school-aged children in Turkey and explore the associated factors with high adherence to the MDiet.
This cross-sectional was conducted with 2693 school-aged children. Sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle data were collected using a questionnaire. Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) was used to evaluate adherence to the MDiet. Body weight, height, neck, waist, and hip circumference were measured. Dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h food consumption record.
Of the 2693 children, 29.5% had high, 53.9% had moderate, and 16.6% had low adherence to the MDiet. Primary school children had significantly higher adherence to the diet than secondary school children. Adherence to the MDiet was higher in children whose fathers were university graduates. There were no significant differences in sex, body mass index (BMI), or anthropometric measurements according to MDiet adherence. The high adherence group had a significantly higher intake of protein, fiber, vitamins C, B, B, B, folate, polyunsaturated fatty acids, zinc, potassium, and calcium, but lower carbohydrate intake compared with the low/moderate adherence group. Higher adherence to the MDiet was associated with adequate sleep duration (≥9 to <12 h) (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-2.78), whereas poor/moderate adherence was associated with age (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87) and screen time (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.40-0.63). Children who reported engaging in regular physical activity were more likely to have higher MDiet adherence (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16-1.85).
The results of this study showed that >50% of the children presented moderate MDiet adherence. Younger age, adequate sleep duration, engaging in regular physical activity, less screen time, and higher education level of fathers were associated with higher adherence to the diet.
本研究旨在评估土耳其学龄儿童对地中海饮食（MDiet）的依从性，并探讨与 MDiet 高度依从相关的因素。
本横断面研究纳入了 2693 名学龄儿童。使用问卷收集社会人口学、饮食和生活方式数据。使用地中海饮食质量指数（KIDMED）评估 MDiet 的依从性。测量体重、身高、颈围、腰围和臀围。通过 24 小时食物消费记录评估膳食摄入量。
在 2693 名儿童中，29.5%的儿童 MDiet 依从性较高，53.9%的儿童 MDiet 依从性为中度，16.6%的儿童 MDiet 依从性较低。与中学生相比，小学生 MDiet 依从性更高。父亲为大学毕业生的儿童 MDiet 依从性更高。根据 MDiet 依从性，性别、体重指数（BMI）或人体测量指标无显著差异。与低/中度依从组相比，高度依从组的蛋白质、纤维、维生素 C、B1、B2、B6、叶酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、锌、钾和钙摄入量明显更高，而碳水化合物摄入量明显更低。充足的睡眠时间（≥9 至<12 小时）与 MDiet 高度依从相关（比值比[OR]，1.86；95%置信区间[CI]，1.24-2.78），而较差/中度依从与年龄（OR，0.80；95%CI，0.73-0.87）和屏幕时间（OR，0.50；95%CI，0.40-0.63）相关。报告经常进行体育锻炼的儿童更有可能高度依从 MDiet（OR，1.46；95%CI，1.16-1.85）。
本研究结果表明，>50%的儿童 MDiet 依从性为中度。较年轻、充足的睡眠时间、经常进行体育锻炼、较少的屏幕时间以及父亲的较高教育水平与更高的饮食依从性相关。
