Zhang Shuxin, Shi Jiahua, Li Xuan, Tiwari Ananda, Gao Shuhong, Zhou Xu, Sun Xiaoyan, O'Brien Jake W, Coin Lachlan, Hai Faisal, Jiang Guangming
School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia.
School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 10;903:166410. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166410. Epub 2023 Aug 18.
Campylobacter spp. is one of the four leading causes of diarrhoeal diseases worldwide, which are generally mild but can be fatal in children, the elderly, and immunosuppressed persons. The existing disease surveillance for Campylobacter infections is usually based on untimely clinical reports. Wastewater surveillance or wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been developed for the early warning of disease outbreaks and the detection of the emerging new variants of human pathogens, especially after the global pandemic of COVID-19. However, the WBE monitoring of Campylobacter infections in communities is rare due to a few large data gaps. This study is a meta-analysis and systematic review of the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in various wastewater samples, primarily the influent of wastewater treatment plants. The results showed that the overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 53.26 % in influent wastewater and 52.97 % in all types of wastewater samples. The mean concentration in the influent was 3.31 ± 0.39 log10 gene copies or most probable number (MPN) per 100 mL. The detection method combining culture and PCR yielded the highest positive rate of 90.86 %, while RT-qPCR and qPCR were the two most frequently used quantification methods. In addition, the Campylobacter concentration in influent wastewater showed a seasonal fluctuation, with the highest concentration in the autumn at 3.46 ± 0.41 log10 gene copies or MPN per 100 mL. Based on the isolates of all positive samples, Campylobacter jejuni (62.34 %) was identified as the most prevalent species in wastewater, followed by Campylobacter coli (30.85 %) and Campylobacter lari (4.4 %). These findings provided significant data to further develop and optimize the wastewater surveillance of Campylobacter spp. infections. In addition, large data gaps were found in the decay of Campylobacter spp. in wastewater, indicating insufficient research on the persistence of Campylobacter spp. in wastewater.
弯曲杆菌属是全球腹泻疾病的四大主要病因之一，这类疾病通常症状较轻，但在儿童、老年人和免疫功能低下者中可能致命。现有的弯曲杆菌感染疾病监测通常基于不及时的临床报告。废水监测或基于废水的流行病学（WBE）已被用于疾病爆发的早期预警以及人类病原体新变种的检测，尤其是在新冠疫情全球大流行之后。然而，由于存在一些较大的数据缺口，社区中弯曲杆菌感染的WBE监测很少见。本研究是对各种废水样本（主要是污水处理厂的进水）中弯曲杆菌属患病率的荟萃分析和系统评价。结果显示，进水废水中弯曲杆菌属的总体患病率为53.26%，所有类型废水样本中的患病率为52.97%。进水的平均浓度为每100毫升3.31±0.39 log10基因拷贝或最可能数（MPN）。结合培养和PCR的检测方法阳性率最高，为90.86%，而RT-qPCR和qPCR是最常用的两种定量方法。此外，进水废水中弯曲杆菌的浓度呈现季节性波动，秋季浓度最高，为每100毫升3.46±0.41 log10基因拷贝或MPN。基于所有阳性样本的分离株，空肠弯曲杆菌（62.34%）被确定为废水中最常见的菌种，其次是大肠弯曲杆菌（30.85%）和海鸥弯曲杆菌（4.4%）。这些发现为进一步开展和优化弯曲杆菌属感染的废水监测提供了重要数据。此外，在弯曲杆菌属在废水中的衰减方面发现了较大的数据缺口，表明对弯曲杆菌属在废水中的持久性研究不足。
