Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
Chem Biodivers. 2023 Sep;20(9):e202300778. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202300778. Epub 2023 Sep 4.
Our study aimed to test the potential of Citrus oils in protecting against paracetamol (PAR)-induced hepatotoxicity. The essential oils of Pineapple sweet orange (OO), Murcott mandarin (MO), Red grapefruit (GO), and Oval kumquat (KO) were investigated using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-seven compounds were identified, with monoterpene hydrocarbons being abundant class. d-Limonene had the highest percentage (92.98 %, 92.82 %, 89.75 %, and 94.46 % in OO, MO, GO, and KO, respectively). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that octanal, linalool, germacrene D, and d-limonene were the principal discriminatory metabolites that segregated the samples into three distinct clusters. In vitro antioxidant capacities were ranged from 1.2-12.27, 1.79-5.91, and 235.05-585.28 μM Trolox eq/mg oil for 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), respectively. In vivo, citrus oils exhibited a significant reduction in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, there was an increase in glutathione reductase (GSH), and the liver architecture was nearly normal. Molecular docking revealed that d-limonene exhibited a good inhibitory interaction with cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms 1A2, 3A4, and 2E1, with binding energies of -6.17, -4.51, and -5.61 kcal/mol, respectively.
我们的研究旨在测试柑橘油在预防扑热息痛（PAR）诱导的肝毒性方面的潜力。使用气相色谱法-质谱联用（GC/MS）对菠萝甜橙（OO）、默科特柑橘（MO）、红葡萄柚（GO）和椭圆形金桔（KO）的精油进行了研究。鉴定出 27 种化合物，其中单萜类化合物为丰富类。d-柠檬烯的百分比最高（OO、MO、GO 和 KO 中的百分比分别为 92.98%、92.82%、89.75%和 94.46%）。层次聚类分析（HCA）和主成分分析（PCA）表明，辛醛、芳樟醇、大根香叶烯 D 和 d-柠檬烯是将样品分为三个不同聚类的主要区分代谢物。体外抗氧化能力范围为 1.2-12.27、1.79-5.91 和 235.05-585.28 μM Trolox eq/mg 油，用于 2,2'-联氮双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）、铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）和氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）。在体内，柑橘油显著降低丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和一氧化氮（NO）。此外，谷胱甘肽还原酶（GSH）增加，肝脏结构几乎正常。分子对接表明，d-柠檬烯与细胞色素 P450（CYP450）同工型 1A2、3A4 和 2E1 表现出良好的抑制相互作用，结合能分别为-6.17、-4.51 和-5.61 kcal/mol。
