Osadchuk Mikhail, Tikhonova Yuliya, Krivetskaya Mariya
Department of Polyclinic Therapy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation.
Department of Organization and Economics of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation.
Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 2023 Jul;12(3):216-223. doi: 10.7774/cevr.2023.12.3.216. Epub 2023 Jul 31.
Influenza is the most common seasonal infectious disease that causes permanent social, economic, and medical problems worldwide. Therefore, the most effective way to prevent influenza is through vaccines. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of factors that determine the refusal of influenza vaccine among three subjects groups.
A survey was conducted amongst the three high-risk groups in 2018-2019 (Moscow, Russia). The survey involved 1,620 parents and pregnant women (group 1), 324 doctors (group 2), and 433 students (group 3). Poor vaccine uptake was observed among respondents in all three groups.
According to the survey results, only 22.2% of children and 13.8% of adults were vaccinated against influenza. Group 2 showed increased rates with 36.7% of vaccinated adults and 58.7% of children. The lowest adherence to annual vaccinations was recorded in group 3 (only 17.3%). There is also a negative correlation between adherence to vaccination and smoking (-0.66), unhealthy diet (-0.73), poor oral hygiene (-0.61), and insufficient awareness of the need for influenza vaccine as well (-0.81).
Thus, a general lack of vaccination awareness has a fundamental role in forming a negative attitude toward influenza vaccine. It is necessary to conduct research to promote vaccination against influenza to improve vaccine uptake among high-risk groups, particularly students.
流感是全球最常见的季节性传染病，会引发永久性的社会、经济和医疗问题。因此，预防流感最有效的方法是接种疫苗。本研究的目的是确定影响三组人群拒绝接种流感疫苗的因素。
2018 - 2019年在俄罗斯莫斯科对三组高危人群进行了调查。调查对象包括1620名家长和孕妇（第一组）、324名医生（第二组）以及433名学生（第三组）。所有三组受访者的疫苗接种率都很低。
根据调查结果，只有22.2%的儿童和13.8%的成年人接种了流感疫苗。第二组的接种率有所提高，36.7%的成年人和58.7%的儿童接种了疫苗。第三组的年度疫苗接种依从性最低（仅17.3%）。接种疫苗的依从性与吸烟（-0.66）、不健康饮食（-0.73）、口腔卫生差（-0.61）以及对流感疫苗必要性的认识不足（-0.81）之间也存在负相关。
因此，普遍缺乏疫苗接种意识在形成对流感疫苗的负面态度方面起着根本性作用。有必要开展研究以促进流感疫苗接种，提高高危人群尤其是学生的疫苗接种率。
