Field Crops Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
PeerJ. 2023 Aug 14;11:e15802. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15802. eCollection 2023.
As a result of the changing climate characteristics, it is necessary to reevaluate the planting time for crop plants. The aim of the present study was to determine the quality characteristics of malting barley cultivars in fall and spring plantings.
Sixteen malting barley cultivars were used. Two fall-planted and two spring-planted trials were conducted in two consecutive years. The field trials were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Tokat province of Turkey under rainfed conditions.
Grain yields varied between 4.38 and 5.71 t/ha in fall-planted trials and between 3.12 and 4.89 t/ha in spring-planted trials. Malt extracts were between 77.0% and 78.0% kg in fall-planted trials and between 73.9% and 76.9% in spring-planted trials. Alpha amylase activities ranged from 77.9 to 81.4 Ceralpha unit (CU)/g in fall-planted trials and from 80.8 to 100.9 CU/g in spring-planted trials. Diastatic power ranged from 194.5 to 331.1 Windisch-Kolbach unit (°WK) in fall-planted trials and from 129.0 to 259.8 °WK in spring-planted trials. GGE biplot analysis indicated that winter barley cultivar Durusu and facultative barley cultivar Ince-04 were the best with consistent grain yields while Ince-04 was the best with stable malt extract across the trials. In scatter plot graphics, winter barley cultivars Durusu, Aydanhanim, Yildiz and facultative Ince-04 had superior performance in fall-plantings for grain yield and malt extract. In spring planting, facultative Ince-04 had higher performance than those of other cultivars. In spring plantings, facultative or winter barley cultivars that do not have strong vernalization requirement had better yield and malt quality. Appropriate planting time and cultivars can allow a better use of available water in malt barley production under rainfed conditions. Lastly, instead of evaluating the grain yield or malt quality alone, it would be best to evaluate the target product (malt extract percentage) obtained from a particular region, process, or production methodology.
由于气候变化的特点，有必要重新评估作物的种植时间。本研究的目的是确定秋季和春季种植的麦芽大麦品种的品质特性。
使用了 16 个麦芽大麦品种。在连续两年的时间里，进行了两次秋季种植和两次春季种植试验。田间试验在土耳其托卡特省的雨养条件下采用随机完全区组设计，每个处理重复 4 次。
秋季种植试验的籽粒产量在 4.38 到 5.71 吨/公顷之间，春季种植试验的籽粒产量在 3.12 到 4.89 吨/公顷之间。秋季种植试验的麦芽提取物在 77.0%到 78.0%kg 之间，春季种植试验的麦芽提取物在 73.9%到 76.9%kg 之间。秋季种植试验的α-淀粉酶活性在 77.9 到 81.4 Ceralpha 单位（CU）/g 之间，春季种植试验的α-淀粉酶活性在 80.8 到 100.9 CU/g 之间。糖化力在秋季种植试验中的范围为 194.5 到 331.1 温德希-科尔巴赫单位（°WK），春季种植试验中的范围为 129.0 到 259.8 °WK。GGE 双标图分析表明，冬季大麦品种 Durusu 和兼性大麦品种 Ince-04 是最好的，具有一致的籽粒产量，而 Ince-04 是最稳定的麦芽提取物。在散点图图形中，冬季大麦品种 Durusu、Aydanhanim、Yildiz 和兼性 Ince-04 在秋季种植时的籽粒产量和麦芽提取物表现优异。在春季种植中，兼性 Ince-04 的表现优于其他品种。在春季种植中，没有强烈春化要求的兼性或冬季大麦品种具有更好的产量和麦芽质量。在雨养条件下，适当的种植时间和品种可以更好地利用可用的水来生产麦芽大麦。最后，与其单独评估籽粒产量或麦芽质量，不如评估特定地区、工艺或生产方法获得的目标产品（麦芽提取物百分比）。
