The Influence of Mother's Employment, Family Income, and Expenditure on Stunting Among Children Under Five: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia.

INTRODUCTION

It is widely acknowledged that the socioeconomic circumstances of a family income are correctly reflected in that family expenditures. The dietary habits of families are influenced by socioeconomic circumstances that may affect stunting. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the household economic predictor stunting (mother's employment, family income, and family expenditure) in children under five.

METHODS

This study used a cross-sectional design. Six districts and cities have been chosen as study areas based on the areas with the highest incidence of stunting in West Java, Indonesia. This study conducted specifically from October to December 2018. Data were examined using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution) and a Spearman Rank bivariate test. A logistic regression was employed to determine the elements that serve as predictors of stunting.

RESULTS

A total of 731 women with children under five participated in the study. A bivariate analysis showed that mother's employment had an association with stunting among children under five ( = 0.014). Meanwhile, family income and expenditure are not statistically significant associated with stunting ( > 0.05). A multivariate analysis showed that mother's employment was a stunting predictor with odd ratio (OR) 1.810 ( = 0.017). The OR value means that mothers who do not work have a 1.810 chance for their children to experience stunting compared with mothers who have work. However, family income and expenditure have negative projected values ( = 0.580 and = 0.398, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Children under five who are stunted are potentially predictive with mothers' employment, with a chance is higher in mother who do not work. However, family income and expenditure are not predictive of stunting.