Sitawa Rinah, Tenge Evans, Chepkorir Khadija, Nanyingi Mark, Okuthe Sam, Lockhart Caryl, Oyas Harry, Njagi Obadiah, Agutu Mary Teresa, Omolo Jack, Okumu Tequiero, Bebay Charles, Fasina Folorunso O
Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Nairobi, Kenya.
Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Nairobi, Kenya.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Aug 4;10:1150557. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1150557. eCollection 2023.
Operationalizing effective subnational veterinary services as major contributor to disease surveillance, reporting, diagnoses and One Health requires resources and mindset change. Here we describe workforce capacity building in animal health in Kenya and an approach that can be used to skill-up this workforce to respond beyond animal health challenges to emergent One Health realities and public health emergencies. Furthermore, triggering a paradigm shift has been identified for impactful delivery of health services, thus mindset change are important for learning new skills, but they also affect the way that we think about everything, for instance training in field epidemiology. Emphasis was therefore placed on skills, beliefs, and mindset shift.
Contextualized within the Kenyan environment, this description identifies problems likely to be found elsewhere: They are (a) The limited programs that offer structured and routine on-the-job training for animal health workers; (b) Unequal distribution and inadequate quantity and quality of highly skilled workforce with appropriate technical training and scientific skills to combat public (and animal) health challenges at the frontline; (c) Health challenges occasioned by climate change and drought, including feed, and water scarcity; and (d) Inadequate contingency, preparedness, and response planning for effective deployment of ready-to-trigger workforce capacity. In-Service Applied Veterinary Epidemiology Training (ISAVET) is a four-month long training program targeted at capacity building of frontline animal health professionals. The training, which is currently implemented in 17 African countries, is innovative and a customized field epidemiology program, which responds to specific needs in animal health and contribute to approaches utilizing One Health.
Several trainees have marked mindset change as shown in the outputs and outcomes. Positive attitudes towards improving animal health surveillance were noted during the evaluation process.
Most existing workforce capacities in the animal and public health systems were built for specific fields, and hardly respond optimally for cross-sectoral purposes. We proposed customised in-service applied veterinary epidemiology training that bypasses narrow-scoped workforce development but meets multifunctional, multidisciplinary and multisectoral needs before and during emergencies.
将有效的国家以下层面兽医服务作为疾病监测、报告、诊断和“同一健康”的主要贡献力量加以实施，需要资源和思维方式的转变。在此，我们描述了肯尼亚动物卫生领域的劳动力能力建设以及一种可用于提升该劳动力技能的方法，使其能够应对动物卫生挑战之外的突发“同一健康”现实和公共卫生紧急情况。此外，已确定引发范式转变对于有效提供卫生服务具有重要意义，因此思维方式的转变不仅对于学习新技能很重要，而且还会影响我们思考一切事物的方式，例如现场流行病学培训。因此，重点在于技能、信念和思维方式的转变。
结合肯尼亚的环境背景，本描述指出了可能在其他地方也会出现的问题：它们包括（a）为动物卫生工作者提供结构化和常规在职培训的项目有限；（b）具备适当技术培训和科学技能以应对前线公共（和动物）卫生挑战的高技能劳动力分布不均，数量和质量不足；（c）气候变化和干旱引发的卫生挑战，包括饲料和水资源短缺；以及（d）在有效部署随时可投入使用的劳动力能力方面，应急、准备和应对计划不足。在职应用兽医流行病学培训（ISAVET）是一项为期四个月的培训项目，旨在提升前线动物卫生专业人员的能力。该培训目前在17个非洲国家实施，是一项创新的定制现场流行病学项目，它针对动物卫生的特定需求做出响应，并有助于采用“同一健康”方法。
若干学员在产出和成果方面表现出明显的思维方式转变。在评估过程中，注意到对改善动物卫生监测持积极态度。
动物和公共卫生系统中现有的大多数劳动力能力是为特定领域构建的，几乎无法最佳地应对跨部门目的。我们提议开展定制的在职应用兽医流行病学培训，这种培训绕过范围狭窄的劳动力发展方式，而是在紧急情况发生之前和期间满足多功能、多学科和多部门的需求。
