预测美国新冠疫情初期对缓解干预措施和社交距离行为的态度。
Predicting attitudes toward mitigation interventions and social distancing behaviors at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
作者信息
Dinero Rachel E, Shanguhyia Nicole, Hill Rachel M, Monti William, Kmush Brittany L
机构信息
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA.
Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
出版信息
Health Psychol Behav Med. 2023 Aug 16;11(1):2247055. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2023.2247055. eCollection 2023.
AIM
The goal of this research was to assess the influence of adult attachment, personality, and cultural orientation on social distancing and attitudes toward COVID-19 mitigation interventions.
METHODS
Survey data was collected across two samples (N = 201, N = 242) in the US from April 29 to May 11, 2020. Adult attachment was assessed via the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Short Form (ECR-S; Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B., & Vogel, D. L. (2007). The experiences in close relationship scale (ECR)-short form: Reliability, validity, and factor structure. , (2), 187-204), personality was assessed via the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI; Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. , (6), 504-528), cultural orientation was assessed via the Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism Scale (Triandis, H. C., & Galfand, M. J. (1998). Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. , (1), 118-128), and social distancing and attitudes toward mitigation interventions were assessed via self-report measures developed for this assessment.
RESULTS
In the MTurk sample, agreeableness ( = .19) and conscientiousness ( = .26) predicted positive mitigation intervention attitudes. Agreeableness ( = .24) and vertical collectivism ( = .25) positively predicted social distancing, while attachment anxiety ( = -.32) and vertical individualism ( = -.32) negatively predicted social distancing. In our snowball sample, residing primarily in New York, openness ( = .18) and horizontal collectivism ( = .16) predicted positive intervention attitudes, while horizontal individualism ( = -.20) predicted negative attitudes. Social contact in this sample was low and not associated with predictor variables. In both samples, mitigation attitudes and social distancing were only moderately correlated.
IMPLICATIONS
Our findings highlight the inherent inconsistency between attitudes and behaviors as well as the potential impact of mandated interventions on both attitudes and behavior.
目的
本研究的目的是评估成人依恋、人格和文化取向对社交距离以及对新冠疫情缓解干预措施态度的影响。
方法
于2020年4月29日至5月11日在美国的两个样本（N = 201，N = 242）中收集调查数据。通过亲密关系体验量表简版（ECR-S；Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B., & Vogel, D. L.（2007年）。亲密关系体验量表（ECR）简版：信度、效度和因子结构。，（2），187 - 204）评估成人依恋，通过十项人格量表（TIPI；Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B.（2003年）。一种非常简短的大五人格领域测量方法。，（6），504 - 528）评估人格，通过水平和垂直个人主义与集体主义量表（Triandis, H. C., & Galfand, M. J.（1998年）。水平和垂直个人主义与集体主义的聚合测量。，（1），118 - 128）评估文化取向，通过为本评估开发的自我报告测量方法评估社交距离以及对缓解干预措施的态度。
结果
在亚马逊土耳其机器人样本中，宜人性（= 0.19）和尽责性（= 0.26）预测了对缓解干预措施的积极态度。宜人性（= 0.24）和垂直集体主义（= 0.25）对社交距离有正向预测作用，而依恋焦虑（= -0.32）和垂直个人主义（= -0.32）对社交距离有负向预测作用。在我们的滚雪球样本中，主要居住在纽约，开放性（= 0.18）和水平集体主义（= 0.16）预测了对干预措施的积极态度，而水平个人主义（= -0.20）预测了消极态度。该样本中的社交接触较少，且与预测变量无关。在两个样本中，对缓解措施的态度和社交距离仅呈中等程度相关。
启示
我们的研究结果凸显了态度与行为之间固有的不一致性，以及强制性干预措施对态度和行为的潜在影响。
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