Hahn M V, McDaniel B T, Wilk J C
J Dairy Sci. 1986 Aug;69(8):2148-56. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(86)80647-6.
Rates of hoof growth and wear were recorded on 223 Holstein cows in two herds during 20 mo. Herd 1 was mainly on pasture or dirt lots, and herd 2 was completely or partially confined in a new freestall facility. Growth and wear were measured on both dorsal and lateral surfaces of front and rear outside claws. Lateral measurements were taken 1 cm in front of the junction of wall and heel. No differences were detected in rates of hoof growth for various places on the dorsal wall. Herd effects influenced rates of growth and wear. Cow differences were not significant for hoof growth but were for a few wear rates. Monthly rates of dorsal hoof growth during first lactation were 6.04 mm for front claws and 6.58 mm for rear claws. Corresponding monthly wear rates were 5.78 and 6.11 mm, respectively. Wear rates on front and rear claws decreased with advancing stage of lactation. Front hooves grew and wore less than rear hooves. Lateral walls grew faster and wore more than dorsal walls on both front and rear hooves. Cows completely confined had higher rates of hoof growth and wear than cows on pasture. Rates of growth and wear were lowest during winter and highest during spring and summer.
在20个月的时间里，对两个牛群中的223头荷斯坦奶牛的蹄生长和磨损率进行了记录。牛群1主要饲养在牧场或泥土地上，牛群2完全或部分饲养在一个新的自由牛舍设施中。对前后外侧蹄爪的背侧和外侧表面进行生长和磨损测量。外侧测量在蹄壁与蹄跟交界处前方1厘米处进行。背侧蹄壁不同部位的蹄生长率未检测到差异。牛群效应影响生长和磨损率。奶牛个体差异对蹄生长不显著，但对一些磨损率有显著影响。头胎泌乳期背侧蹄每月生长率，前蹄爪为6.04毫米，后蹄爪为6.58毫米。相应的每月磨损率分别为5.78毫米和6.11毫米。前后蹄爪的磨损率随着泌乳阶段的推进而降低。前蹄的生长和磨损比后蹄少。前后蹄的外侧壁生长比背侧壁快，磨损也更多。完全圈养的奶牛比在牧场饲养的奶牛有更高的蹄生长和磨损率。生长和磨损率在冬季最低，在春季和夏季最高。
