Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1418:33-56. doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_3.
Global population aging is a major challenge to health and socioeconomic policies. The prevalence of diseases progressively increases with aging, with cardiovascular disease being the major cause of mortality among elderly people. The allostatic overload imposed by the accumulation of cardiac senescent cells has been suggested to play a pivotal role in the aging-related deterioration of cardiovascular function. Senescent cells exhibit intrinsic disorders and release a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Most of these SASP compounds and damaged molecules are released from senescent cells by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Once secreted, these EVs can be readily incorporated by recipient neighboring cells and elicit cellular damage or otherwise can promote extracellular matrix remodeling. This has been associated with the development of cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, and vascular calcification, among others. The molecular signature of these EVs is highly variable and might provide important information for the development of aging-related biomarkers. Conversely, EVs released by the stem and progenitor cells can exert a rejuvenating effect, raising the possibility of future anti-aging therapies.
全球人口老龄化是对卫生和社会经济政策的重大挑战。随着年龄的增长，疾病的患病率逐渐增加，心血管疾病是老年人死亡的主要原因。心脏衰老细胞积累所造成的适应不良性过载被认为在与衰老相关的心血管功能恶化中起关键作用。衰老细胞表现出内在紊乱，并释放衰老相关分泌表型 (SASP)。这些 SASP 化合物和受损分子中的大多数都是通过细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 从衰老细胞中释放出来的。一旦分泌出来，这些 EVs 就可以很容易地被邻近的受体细胞吸收，并引起细胞损伤，或者促进细胞外基质重塑。这与心脏功能障碍、纤维化和血管钙化等的发展有关。这些 EV 的分子特征变化很大，可能为与衰老相关的生物标志物的发展提供重要信息。相反，干细胞和祖细胞释放的 EV 可以发挥恢复活力的作用，为未来的抗衰老治疗提供了可能性。
