Yuan Jinpeng, Yang Wenguang, Jing Mingyong, Zhang Hao, Jiao Yuechun, Li Weibin, Zhang Linjie, Xiao Liantuan, Jia Suotang
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
Rep Prog Phys. 2023 Sep 15;86(10). doi: 10.1088/1361-6633/acf22f.
Microwave electric field (MW E-field) sensing is important for a wide range of applications in the areas of remote sensing, radar astronomy and communications. Over the past decade, Rydberg atoms have been used in ultrasensitive, wide broadband, traceable, stealthy MW E-field sensing because of their exaggerated response to MW E-fields, plentiful optional energy levels and integratable preparation methods. This review first introduces the basic concepts of quantum sensing, the properties of Rydberg atoms and the principles of quantum sensing of MW E-fields with Rydberg atoms. An overview of this very active research direction is gradually expanding, covering the progress of sensitivity and bandwidth in Rydberg atom-based microwave sensing, superheterodyne quantum sensing with microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms, quantum-enhanced sensing of MW E-field and recent advanced quantum measurement systems and approaches to further improve the performance of MW E-field sensing. Finally, a brief outlook on future development directions is provided.
微波电场（MW电场）传感对于遥感、射电天文学和通信等领域的广泛应用至关重要。在过去十年中，里德堡原子因其对MW电场的夸张响应、丰富的可选能级和可集成的制备方法，已被用于超灵敏、宽带宽、可溯源、隐身的MW电场传感。本文综述首先介绍了量子传感的基本概念、里德堡原子的特性以及利用里德堡原子进行MW电场量子传感的原理。对这一非常活跃的研究方向的概述正在逐步扩展，涵盖基于里德堡原子的微波传感中灵敏度和带宽的进展、微波修饰里德堡原子的超外差量子传感、MW电场的量子增强传感以及最近先进的量子测量系统和进一步提高MW电场传感性能的方法。最后，对未来的发展方向进行了简要展望。
